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Er zijn 71 producten.

Item 61-71 van 71 in totaal item(s)
Mosterd zaden (Sinapis alba)

Mosterd zaden (Sinapis alba)

Prijs € 1,35 SKU: MHS 130
,
5/ 5
<h2><strong>Mosterd zaden (Sinapis alba)</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Prijs voor een verpakking van 180 (1 g) zaden.</strong></span></h2> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><b>Mosterd</b><span>&nbsp;</span>(soms ook<span>&nbsp;</span><i>mostaard</i>) is zowel de naam voor een plant (de mosterdplant), als voor een in de keuken gebruikt<span>&nbsp;</span>condiment<span>&nbsp;</span>met meestal een scherpe smaak. Het condiment wordt gemaakt uit gemalen<span>&nbsp;</span>mosterdzaden,<span>&nbsp;</span>azijn,<span>&nbsp;</span>water<span>&nbsp;</span>en<span>&nbsp;</span>zout. Ook worden vaak<span>&nbsp;</span>suiker<span>&nbsp;</span>respectievelijk<span>&nbsp;</span>honing, kruiden en/of specerijen toegevoegd, zoals<span>&nbsp;</span>peper,<span>&nbsp;</span>mierikswortel,<span>&nbsp;</span>rozemarijn,<span>&nbsp;</span>knoflook<span>&nbsp;</span>of zelfs<span>&nbsp;</span>lavendel. In navolging van Britse mosterdmakers wordt regelmatig<span>&nbsp;</span>kurkuma<span>&nbsp;</span>toegevoegd voor een intensere gele kleur. De naam komt vermoedelijk van<span>&nbsp;</span>most, het halfvergiste druivensap dat bij de bereiding werd gebruikt.</p> <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Mosterdplant">Mosterdplant</span></h2> <p>De mosterdplant is een kleine eenjarige plant met gele bloemen. Hij wordt vaak verward met<span>&nbsp;</span>koolzaad<span>&nbsp;</span>waar hij erg op lijkt en waar hij ook nauw verwant mee is. Mosterdzaadjes zijn ongeveer 0,5 tot 1 mm groot. Er bestaan verschillende soorten mosterdplanten:</p> <ul> <li>Gele mosterd<span>&nbsp;</span>(<i>Sinapis alba</i>), een plant uit de familie der<span>&nbsp;</span>kruisbloemen, afkomstig uit Zuid-Europa.</li> <li>Zwarte mosterd<span>&nbsp;</span>(<i>Brassica nigra</i>), eveneens een kruisbloemige, in hetzelfde geslacht als diverse<span>&nbsp;</span>koolsoorten, zoals<span>&nbsp;</span>bloemkool,<span>&nbsp;</span>boerenkool,<span>&nbsp;</span>spruitjes.</li> <li>Sareptamosterd<span>&nbsp;</span>of Indische bruine mosterd (<i>Brassica juncea</i>)</li> <li>Ethiopische mosterd<span>&nbsp;</span>(<i>Brassica carinata</i>)</li> </ul> <p>De zaden van deze planten worden gebruikt om mosterd (condiment) te maken. Zwart mosterdzaad is scherper dan geel of bruin mosterdzaad. Dit houdt verband met een hoger gehalte aan olie in de zaden. Geel en bruin mosterdzaad hebben een wisselend gehalte aan olie en scherpte. Fabrikanten gebruiken de verschillen in kwaliteit om tot een gewenste vermenging te komen. Het eindproduct is daardoor van constante kwaliteit.</p> <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Smaak">Smaak</span></h2> <p>De scherpe smaak van mosterd ontstaat pas als bepaalde<span>&nbsp;</span>enzymen<span>&nbsp;</span>tijdens de bereiding van de mosterd de<span>&nbsp;</span>glucosinolaten<span>&nbsp;</span>(mosterdglycosiden) omzetten. Daarvoor is ook de aanwezigheid van water nodig. Voor de bereiding van een simpele mosterdsoort is mosterdzaad, azijn, zout en naar smaak eventueel kruiden voldoende. Suiker is geen noodzakelijk ingrediënt en kan als men een zoetere mosterd wil eventueel door honing vervangen worden (zie ook<span>&nbsp;</span>honingmosterd). Anders dan bij peper zijn de scherpe stoffen in mosterd vluchtig en prikkelen ook sterk het neusslijmvlies. Mosterdscherpte is ook vluchtiger dan die van rode peper.</p> <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Gebruik">Gebruik</span></h2> <p>In Nederland en België wordt mosterd vooral gebruikt als smaakmaker op bijvoorbeeld<span>&nbsp;</span>worst, zoals in hotdogs of bij kroketten. Soms eet men gewoon een<span>&nbsp;</span>boterham<span>&nbsp;</span>met<span>&nbsp;</span>kaas<span>&nbsp;</span>en mosterd. Verder wordt mosterd toegepast in mosterdsaus, die bijvoorbeeld bij vis gegeten wordt, en in<span>&nbsp;</span>mosterdsoep. In de<span>&nbsp;</span>Indonesische<span>&nbsp;</span>keuken wordt mosterd ruim toegepast in de "duivelse runderlapjes". Hele mosterdzaadjes worden gebruikt bij het inmaken van (zoet)zure<span>&nbsp;</span>augurken<span>&nbsp;</span>en<span>&nbsp;</span>zilveruitjes, en ook in mosterdkaas.</p> <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Productie">Productie</span></h2> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">De mosterd wordt in het voorjaar gezaaid. Na de bloei in de zomer vindt de oogst in het najaar plaats. Mosterd kan bijna overal in gematigde streken worden gekweekt. De mosterd wordt bereid door de zaadjes droog te malen tot een fijn of grof poeder (dit verschilt per type mosterd). Het poeder wordt met water, azijn en smaakstoffen tot een pasta gemengd. Een andere methode is om de zaadjes direct samen met water, azijn en andere smaakstoffen te malen. Men laat de zaadjes dan eerst een nacht weken in de vloeistof (mouten). Daardoor worden ze zachter. De pasta die zo wordt verkregen laat men<span>&nbsp;</span>rijpen, voordat de mosterd wordt ingemaakt. Als vloeistoffen kunnen ook bier, wijn of druivensap worden gebruikt.</p> <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Productbescherming">Productbescherming</span></h2> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">In Nederland is<span>&nbsp;</span><i>mosterd</i><span>&nbsp;</span>een<span>&nbsp;</span>beschermde productaanduiding<span>&nbsp;</span>krachtens de<span>&nbsp;</span>Warenwet.</p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">Er bestaan ook mosterdmerken met<span>&nbsp;</span>duurzaamheidskeurmerken. Waddenmosterd bijvoorbeeld wordt op de Waddeneilanden gemaakt van uitsluitend<span>&nbsp;</span>biologische<span>&nbsp;</span>ingrediënten en heeft het<span>&nbsp;</span>EKO-keurmerk. Kaapse mosterd met honing is verkrijgbaar met<span>&nbsp;</span>Max Havelaar keurmerk. Zeeuwse Vlegel mosterd wordt op traditionele wijze gemalen en heeft het<span>&nbsp;</span>keurmerk erkend streekproduct.</p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">Sinds 2009 is<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Moutarde de Bourgogne</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(Mosterd uit Bourgondië) een<span>&nbsp;</span>beschermde geografische aanduiding. Deze mosterd wordt geproduceerd op basis van witte wijn uit Bourgondië en is zachter van smaak dan de niet beschermde mosterd van Dijon.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"></sup></p> <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Werkzame_stoffen">Werkzame stoffen</span></h2> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">Mosterd bevat de mineralen<span>&nbsp;</span>calcium,<span>&nbsp;</span>fosfor,<span>&nbsp;</span>magnesium,<span>&nbsp;</span>mangaan,<span>&nbsp;</span>seleen,<span>&nbsp;</span>ijzer,<span>&nbsp;</span>zink<span>&nbsp;</span>en<span>&nbsp;</span>zwavel. Mosterd is een bron van het<span>&nbsp;</span>aminozuur<span>&nbsp;</span>tryptofaan. Er zitten<span>&nbsp;</span>omega3-vetten<span>&nbsp;</span>in. Er zitten kleine hoeveelheden<span>&nbsp;</span>vitaminen,<span>&nbsp;</span>A, vitaminen uit het<span>&nbsp;</span>B-complex,<span>&nbsp;</span>C,<span>&nbsp;</span>E<span>&nbsp;</span>en<span>&nbsp;</span>K<span>&nbsp;</span>in mosterd. Het wordt al eeuwen in de<span>&nbsp;</span>kruidengeneeskunde<span>&nbsp;</span>gebruikt. De mosterdzaden bevatten gemiddeld ongeveer 30% plantaardige olie. De uit de zaden verkregen olie bevat ongeveer 60% enkelvoudig<span>&nbsp;</span>onverzadigde vetzuren<span>&nbsp;</span>waarvan 42%<span>&nbsp;</span>erucazuur<span>&nbsp;</span>en 12%<span>&nbsp;</span>oliezuur. Het bevat 21% meervoudig onverzadigde vetzuren waarvan 6% het<span>&nbsp;</span>omega 3-vetzuur<span>&nbsp;</span>alfa-linoleenzuur<span>&nbsp;</span>en 15% omega 6-linolzuur<span>&nbsp;</span>en het heeft 12%<span>&nbsp;</span>verzadigde vetzuren.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference">[3]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Uit mosterdzaad wordt<span>&nbsp;</span>mosterdolie<span>&nbsp;</span>gemaakt.</p> <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</span></h2> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">De Chinezen verbouwden drieduizend jaar geleden al mosterd. Zowel de<span>&nbsp;</span>Egyptenaren, de<span>&nbsp;</span>oude Grieken<span>&nbsp;</span>als de<span>&nbsp;</span>Romeinen<span>&nbsp;</span>kenden mosterd. De Grieken vanaf de 4e eeuw voor Christus alleen als geneesmiddel. De Romeinen beschreven de mosterdbereiding in de eerste eeuw na Christus. De<span>&nbsp;</span>farao's<span>&nbsp;</span>kauwden voor het eten op mosterdzaad om de spijsvertering te bevorderen. In de<span>&nbsp;</span>Middeleeuwen<span>&nbsp;</span>werd voor het eerst over mosterd geschreven in de tijd van<span>&nbsp;</span>Karel de Grote. De Franse stad<span>&nbsp;</span>Dijon<span>&nbsp;</span>had in de 13e eeuw na Chr. een monopolie op mosterd. Mosterd was zeer geliefd aan het pauselijk hof in<span>&nbsp;</span>Avignon.<span>&nbsp;</span>Paus Johannes XXII<span>&nbsp;</span>benoemde zijn neef tot "<i>Grand Moutardier du Pape</i>" ("Grote mosterdmaker van de Paus"). Ook<span>&nbsp;</span>Kant<span>&nbsp;</span>hield van mosterd; hij gebruikte het bij veel maaltijden.</p> <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Mosterd_in_de_Bijbel_en_de_Koran">Mosterd in de Bijbel en de Koran</span></h2> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">In de<span>&nbsp;</span>Bijbel<span>&nbsp;</span>komt het mosterdzaadje voor in een<span>&nbsp;</span>gelijkenis<span>&nbsp;</span>van<span>&nbsp;</span>Jezus, die de groei van het<span>&nbsp;</span>koninkrijk van de hemel<span>&nbsp;</span>vergelijkt met het uitgroeien van het nietige mosterdzaadje tot een grote<span>&nbsp;</span>plant:</p> <ul style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"> <li>De gelijkenis van het mosterdzaadje,<span>&nbsp;</span>Matteüs<span>&nbsp;</span>13:31-32: "Hij hield hun een andere gelijkenis voor: ‘Het koninkrijk van de hemel lijkt op een zaadje van de mosterdplant dat iemand meenam en in zijn akker zaaide. Het is weliswaar het kleinste van alle zaden, maar het groeit uit tot de grootste onder de planten. Het wordt een struik, en de vogels van de hemel komen nestelen in de takken.’"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference">[4]</sup></li> </ul> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">In de Koran komt het mosterdzaadje ook voor.</p> <ul style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"> <li>Hoofdstuk 21 Al-Anbiya (De Profeten) Ayat 47:<br>"En Wij zullen voor de opstandingsdag de eerlijke weegschalen opstellen en niemand zal in iets onrecht worden aangedaan. Al gaat het om het gewicht van een mosterdzaadje, Wij zullen het brengen; Wij zijn als afrekenaar goed genoeg."</li> <li>Hoofdstuk 16 Luqman:<br>"Mijn zoon, al gaat het om het gewicht van een mosterdzaadje en al was het in een rots of in de hemelen of op de aarde, God zal het brengen. God is welwillend en welingelicht.</li> <li>Hoofdstuk az-Zalzalah<br>“Wie iets goeds doet ter grootte van een mosterdzaadje, zal het dan zien. En wie iets slechts doet ter grootte van een mosterdzaadje, zal het dan zien.”</li> </ul> <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Mosterd_en_taal">Mosterd en taal</span></h2> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">Het woord mosterd is afkomstig van het Latijnse 'mustum', dat halfvergist druivensap betekent (in het Nederlands: most); in combinatie met "ardere", voor branden. In het Nederlands komt het woord al voor in 1240 na Chr.</p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">Mosterd komt ook voor in een aantal<span>&nbsp;</span>spreekwoorden<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"></sup></p> <ul style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"> <li>Hij weet waar Abraham de mosterd haalt - hij weet hoe de zaken in elkaar steken.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"></sup></li> <li>Dat komt als mosterd na de maaltijd; dat is mosterd na de maaltijd; mosterd na de maaltijd - dat komt op een moment dat het geen nut meer heeft.</li> <li>Beter<span>&nbsp;</span>hesp<span>&nbsp;</span>zonder mosterd, dan mosterd zonder hesp.</li> <li>Dat is dure mosterd - dat is dure waar.</li> <li>Iemand tot mosterd slaan - tot moes slaan.</li> <li>Door de mosterd halen; iemand door de mosterd halen - op een harde manier terechtwijzen.</li> <li>Ook van de mosterd eten – veel geld aan iets verliezen.</li> </ul> <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</span></h2> <ul style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"> <li>Mosterdgas: een chemisch wapen dat vooral in de<span>&nbsp;</span>Eerste Wereldoorlog<span>&nbsp;</span>is gebruikt (maar weinig met mosterd te maken heeft). De verbinding verkreeg zijn naam omdat de geur enigszins aan die van mosterd doet denken.</li> </ul> <p><br><br></p>
MHS 130 (180 S)
Mosterd zaden (Sinapis alba)

Variety from Serbia

Giant Japanese White Radish...

Giant Japanese White Radish...

Prijs € 1,95 SKU: VE 107
,
5/ 5
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <h2><strong>Giant Japanese White Radish F1</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Price for Package of 10 seeds.</strong></span></h2> <p>Giant Japanese White Radish has very long fruit. The fruit is white and crisp! The fruits can be picked within 85 days. Its root is long, white, cylindrical, with a blunt end. Under good conditions, the root can reach up to 75 cm in length.</p>
VE 107 (10 S)
Giant Japanese White Radish Japana F1

Verscheidenheid uit Amerika
Radish Seeds Munich Beer

Radish Seeds Munich Beer

Prijs € 1,95 SKU: P 5
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5/ 5
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> </head> <body> <h2><strong>Radish Seeds Munich Beer</strong></h2> <h2><strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">Price for Package of 50 seeds.</span></strong></h2> <p>An old German heirloom variety that produces oval-shaped roots with fresh crisp tasting flesh. Traditionally it is thinly sliced, salted, and served with beer. Harvest in 50 days.</p> <p>Raphanus sativus. Open Pollinated. The plant produces excellent yields of 16 cm long radishes. They are crispy and mildly pungent. Great for snacking with your favorite beverage.</p> <p>To reduce the heat, peel off the outer layer of the skin. Cut into thin slices and eat as a delicious snack or grate some for adding to dips and salads. Best planted in summer for fall harvest.<br />An excellent choice for home gardens. An heirloom variety from the Bavarian region of Germany.</p> <p>Disease Resistant: CR.</p> </body> </html>
P 5 (50 S)
Radish Seeds Munich Beer
Radish Seeds Johns Day

Radish Seeds Johns Day

Prijs € 1,95 SKU: VE 171
,
5/ 5
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><h2><strong>Radish Seeds John's Day</strong></h2><h2><strong><span style="color: #ff0000;" data-mce-style="color: #ff0000;">Price for Package of 50 seeds.</span></strong></h2><p>Radish John's Day is a favorite radish in Hungary. Its tuber is large, brownish-yellow in color, beet-shaped, its flesh is white, crisp, of excellent quality.</p><p>50-70 days growing season, very popular summer radish for outdoor cultivation in Hungary.</p><p>It requires a lot of water for the best growth results.</p>
VE 171 (50 S)
Radish Seeds Johns Day
Purple Broccoli Calabrese...

Purple Broccoli Calabrese...

Prijs € 1,95 SKU: VE 72 M
,
5/ 5
<h2><strong>Purple Broccoli Calabrese Seeds Miranda</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;" class=""><strong>Price for Package of 50 (0,16 g) seeds.</strong></span></h2> <p>Violet Broccoli Miranda is a very distinctive new Calabrese. It produces a distinctly beautiful, large violet head on a central stalk. Once the main head is removed, small side shoots form which is tender, delicious.</p> <p>Miranda has a relatively tall plant habit and needs space to perform at their best, Plants should be spaced 30cm (12in) in all directions and are best sown a little later than usual, from late June onwards. Matures in 95 to 105 days.</p> <p>Purple vegetables are fun to grow, very pretty to look at, and hugely fashionable but importantly they contain anthocyanins, which are very powerful antioxidants hugely beneficial for general health and said to help prevent cancer. Use lemon juice to retain the purple color while cooking.</p> <p>Optimal germination temperature: 8 ° C.</p> <p>Prepare the site:<br>All brassica crops grow best in partial-shade, infirm, fertile, free-draining but water-retentive soil. Avoid shallow, sandy soils, and exposed sites<br>Start digging over your soil in autumn, removing any stones you find and working in plenty of well-rotted manure or compost. Tread on the soil to remove any air pockets and make the surface very firm. Brassicas will fail if the soil is too acidic so add lime to the soil if necessary, aiming for a pH of 6.5.</p> <p>How to sow Broccoli Calabrese:<br>Sow early and you will miss the first caterpillars. Early crops can be enhanced with the aid of crop covers. Plants should be spaced 30cm (12in) in all directions. Lower crop density gives a longer period of harvest, as more secondary heads are produced.<br>Expected germination time 7 to 12 days, depending on soil temperature.</p> <p>Sowing Indoors: Early March to mid-July<br>To get an early crop in June, sow under cover in modules or sow in a seedbed outside from mid to late March until the end of May. Plant out in April with fleece protection. (It dislikes bare-root transplanting). After a few months, when your seedlings reach 6 and 8cm high (2½ to 3in), they're ready to plant outside. Water the day before moving, and keep well-watered until established. Space plants at least 30cm (12in) apart and make sure you dig a good deep drill (2.5cm) to give them good anchorage.</p> <p>Sowing Direct: April to June<br>Seeds can be sown directly in April to June. Sow seeds thinly about 12mm (½in) deep. Sow thinly, as this reduces the amount of future thinning necessary and potential risk from pests.</p> <p>For a Polytunnel: Sow March to October<br>Broccoli calabrese is one of the most successful winter crops for a walk-in polytunnel. Sow a few seeds in modules every six weeks from March to August and plant a short row when there’s room. In September and August, sow a few seeds directly and thin to 30cm (12 in) apart. Leave them to grow undisturbed through the winter. Autumn sown crops will be ready to pick from March to June.</p> <p>Cultivation:<br>Once the plants are on the ground the process is easy. Just let them stand and protect them from the eggs of Cabbage White butterfly. Remove any yellowing or fallen leaves and burn them to prevent fungal diseases from setting in. Being a shorter-term crop, it is less likely to be troubled by aphids or caterpillars</p> <p>Harvest: Late winter to late spring.<br>The heads must be cut whilst in tight bud; once per week in cool weather, twice a week is essential in warm weather, as this encourages the side shoots to develop quickly. Use a sharp knife and leave a small stalk. Pick the side-shoots regularly (when about 10cm (4in) long. Regular picking can extend cropping time for up to eight weeks. Don't get carried away and strip plants entirely in one go.</p> <p>Culinary Use:<br>Steam rather than boil to keep their rich color and vitamin count. Leaves also can be cooked and eaten as a wintergreen. Fresh florets will keep in the fridge for around a week but are also great frozen.<br>Broccoli is one of the few vegetables to skyrocket in popularity in recent years, mainly because of announcements by medical research groups that eating such cruciferous vegetables as broccoli helps significantly to reduce the risk of cancers.</p> <p>Seed Saving</p> <p>Broccoli usually self-incompatible and must be cross-pollinated by insects. This means there must be a number of plants flowering at the same time. All of the Brassica oleracea crops are the same species and will cross with each other. To maintain purity you have to ensure that only one type flowers at once. The alternative is to isolate them, either by distance (1000 yards for different varieties, 1500 yards for different crops), or by caging them (don't forget they need insects for pollination). Save the seed from at least 5 plants to maintain some genetic diversity.</p> <p>The seed is produced in long pods and should be gathered when the older bottom pods first start to split open. Watch them carefully as they shatter easily when they are fully ripe. Cut the seedpod bearing stems and dry them in a warm place (I put small quantities in a paper grocery bag so I don't lose any seeds). The large seeds are easily handled and cleaned. Of course, it is essential that they are thoroughly dry before storage.</p> <p>Seed Viability in Years: 3-4 years</p><script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>
VE 72 M (50 S)
Purple Broccoli Calabrese Seeds Miranda
Kale Seeds Nero di Toscana

Kale Seeds Nero di Toscana

Prijs € 1,75 SKU: VE 76
,
5/ 5
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <h2><strong>Kale Seeds Nero di Toscana</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Price for Package of 20 seeds.</strong></span></h2> <p>It has very attractive unusual palm-like, dark green, wrinkled leaves. Easy to grow, for baby leaf or mature winter plants. Excellent source of vitamin C and vitamin A and can be eaten raw or cooked. It has great winter hardiness and is perfect for mixed salads due to its texture.</p> <p>Sowing: V-VI. snow at a distance of 50 x 50 cm.<br />Sowing depth: 2 cm.<br />Optimal germination temperature: 12 ° C.</p>
VE 76 (20 S)
Kale Seeds Nero di Toscana
Red cabbage seeds Rufus

Red cabbage seeds Rufus

Prijs € 1,25 SKU: P 94 R
,
5/ 5
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> </head> <body> <h2><strong>Red cabbage seeds Rufus</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Price for Package of 200 seeds (0,5 g).</strong></span></h2> <p>Rufus is a red cabbage mid-early variety, excellent variety for both fresh consumption and storage. Rufus is used for early sowing, for salads, preserves, markets, and late sowing for winter storing.</p> <p>The head is dark purple, elongated spherical, weighing 1.3-2 kg. Its productivity is good, the fruits are uniform.</p> <p>Suitable for both fresh consumption and storage.</p> <p>Growing season 100-120 days.</p> </body> </html>
P 94 R
Red cabbage seeds Rufus

Red cabbage seeds Kalibos

Red cabbage seeds Kalibos

Prijs € 1,75 SKU: P 94 K
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5/ 5
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> </head> <body> <h2><strong>Red cabbage seeds Kalibos</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Price for Package of 200 seeds (0,5 g).</strong></span></h2> <p>Kalibos is simply the most stunning cabbage we have ever seen. A truly beautiful Eastern European red cabbage, Kalibos sports deep purple leaves on conical heads that grow up to 2.5 kg. The flavor is quite sweet and it is excellent cabbage for salads and slaws, as well as in pickling. Also, it's tasty when braised, roasted.</p> <p>Honestly, these might be the best-tasting cabbages you’ll ever grow.</p> <p>They are ready for harvest in 85 days from transplantation.</p> </body> </html>
P 94 K
Red cabbage seeds Kalibos
Rapeseed seeds (Brassica...

Rapeseed seeds (Brassica...

Prijs € 1,15 SKU: VE 134
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5/ 5
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <h2><strong>Rapeseed seeds (Brassica napus subsp. napus)</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Price for Package of 20 seeds.</strong></span></h2> <p><b>Rapeseed</b><span> (</span><i>Brassica napus<span> </span></i><span>subsp.</span><i><span> </span>napus</i><span>) is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family </span>Brassicaceae<span> (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed, which naturally contains appreciable amounts of toxic </span>erucic acid<span>. </span><b>Canola</b><span> are a group of </span><i>rapeseed</i><span> </span>cultivars<span> which were bred to have very low levels of </span>erucic acid<span> and are especially prized for use for human and animal food. </span><i>Rapeseed</i><span> is the third-largest source of </span>vegetable oil<span> and second-largest source of protein meal in the world.</span></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology_and_taxonomy">Etymology and taxonomy</span></h2> <p>The term "rape" derives from the Latin word for<span> </span>turnip,<span> </span><i>rapa</i><span> </span>or<span> </span><i>rapum</i>, cognate with the Greek word<span> </span><i>rhapys</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOED2016_3-0" class="reference">[2]</sup></p> <p>The<span> </span>species<span> </span><i>Brassica napus</i><span> </span>belongs to the flowering plant family<span> </span>Brassicaceae. Rapeseed is a<span> </span>subspecies<span> </span>with the<span> </span>autonym<span> </span><i>B. napus<span> </span></i>subsp.<i><span> </span>napus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGRIN2012a_4-0" class="reference">[3]</sup><span> </span>It encompasses winter and spring oilseed, vegetable and fodder rape.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnowdonLühsFriedt200654_5-0" class="reference">[4]</sup><span> </span>Siberian kale is a distinct leaf rape form<span> </span>variety<span> </span>(<i>B. napus<span> </span></i>var.<i><span> </span>pabularia</i>) which used to be common as a winter-annual vegetable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGRIN2010b_6-0" class="reference">[5]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnowdonLühsFriedt200654_5-1" class="reference">[4]</sup><span> </span>The second subspecies of<span> </span><i>B. napus</i><span> </span>is<span> </span><i>B. napus<span> </span></i>subsp.<i><span> </span>rapifera</i><span> </span>(also subsp.<span> </span><i>napobrassica</i>; the rutabaga, swede, or yellow turnip).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGRIN2012b_7-0" class="reference">[6]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENCBI2013_8-0" class="reference">[7]</sup></p> <p><i>Brassica napus</i><span> </span>is an digenomic<span> </span>amphidiploid<span> </span>that occurred due to the<span> </span>interspecific hybridization<span> </span>between<span> </span><i>Brassica oleracea</i><span> </span>and<span> </span><i>Brassica rapa</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDowneyRimmer19936_9-0" class="reference">[8]</sup><span> </span>It is a self-compatible pollinating species like the other amphidiploid<span> </span><i>brassica</i><span> </span>species.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDowneyRimmer19937_10-0" class="reference">[9]</sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Description">Description</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner"><img alt="Rapeseed seeds (Brassica napus subsp. napus)" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Brassica_napus_2.jpg/220px-Brassica_napus_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="354" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Brassica_napus_2.jpg/330px-Brassica_napus_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Brassica_napus_2.jpg/440px-Brassica_napus_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1204" data-file-height="1936" title="Rapeseed seeds (Brassica napus subsp. napus)" /> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"></div> Rapeseed blossoms</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner"><img alt="Rapeseed seeds (Brassica napus subsp. napus)" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Brassica_napus_fruit7_%2814678237321%29.jpg/220px-Brassica_napus_fruit7_%2814678237321%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Brassica_napus_fruit7_%2814678237321%29.jpg/330px-Brassica_napus_fruit7_%2814678237321%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Brassica_napus_fruit7_%2814678237321%29.jpg/440px-Brassica_napus_fruit7_%2814678237321%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1720" data-file-height="2652" title="Rapeseed seeds (Brassica napus subsp. napus)" /> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"></div> Rapeseed pod with seeds inside</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner"><img alt="Rapeseed seeds (Brassica napus subsp. napus)" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5772" data-file-height="5772" title="Rapeseed seeds (Brassica napus subsp. napus)" /> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"></div> Rapeseed seed under a microscope.</div> </div> </div> <p><i>Brassica napus</i><span> </span>grows to 100 cm (39 in) in height with hairless, fleshy,<span> </span>pinnatifid<span> </span>and<span> </span>glaucous<span> </span>lower leaves<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin1965_11-0" class="reference">[10]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParnellCurtisWebb2012_12-0" class="reference">[11]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebbParnellDoogue1996_13-0" class="reference">[12]</sup><span> </span>which are stalked whereas the upper leaves have no<span> </span>petioles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallihanBrennanMillerBrown20006_14-0" class="reference">[13]</sup><span> </span><i>Brassica napus</i><span> </span>can be distinguished from<span> </span><i>Brassica nigra</i><span> </span>by the upper leaves which do not clasp the stem, and from<span> </span><i>Brassica rapa</i><span> </span>by its smaller petals which are less than 13 mm (0.51 in) across.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParnellCurtisWebb2012_12-1" class="reference">[11]</sup></p> <p>Rapeseed flowers are yellow and about 17 mm (0.67 in) across.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParnellCurtisWebb2012_12-2" class="reference">[11]</sup><span> </span>They are radial and consist of four<span> </span>petals<span> </span>in a typical cross-form, alternating with four<span> </span>sepals. They have indeterminate<span> </span>racemose<span> </span>flowering starting at the lowest bud and growing upward in the following days. The flowers have two lateral<span> </span>stamens<span> </span>with short filaments, and four median stamens with longer filaments whose anthers split away from the flower's center upon flowering.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnowdonLühsFriedt200656_15-0" class="reference">[14]</sup></p> <p>The rapeseed pods are green and elongated<span> </span>siliquae<span> </span>during development that eventually ripen to brown. They grow on<span> </span>pedicels<span> </span>1 to 3 cm long, and can range from 5 to 10 cm in length.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallihanBrennanMillerBrown20006_14-1" class="reference">[13]</sup><span> </span>Each pod has two<span> </span>compartments<span> </span>separated by an inner central wall within which a row of seeds develop.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlford20081–2_16-0" class="reference">[15]</sup><span> </span>The seeds are round and have a diameter of 1.5 to 3mm. They have a reticulate surface texture,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallihanBrennanMillerBrown20006_14-2" class="reference">[13]</sup><span> </span>and are black and hard at maturity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlford20081–2_16-1" class="reference">[15]</sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Ecology">Ecology</span></h2> <p>In<span> </span>Northern Ireland, U K<span> </span><i>B. napus</i><span> </span>and<span> </span><i>B. rapa</i><span> </span>are recorded as escapes in roadside verges and waste ground.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeesleyWilde1997104_17-0" class="reference">[16]</sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Uses">Uses</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner"><img alt="Rapeseed seeds (Brassica napus subsp. napus)" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Rapeseed%2C_roasted.jpg/220px-Rapeseed%2C_roasted.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Rapeseed%2C_roasted.jpg/330px-Rapeseed%2C_roasted.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Rapeseed%2C_roasted.jpg/440px-Rapeseed%2C_roasted.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3021" data-file-height="2948" title="Rapeseed seeds (Brassica napus subsp. napus)" /> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"></div> Roasted canola seeds</div> </div> </div> <p>Rapeseed is grown for the production of<span> </span>animal feed, edible<span> </span>vegetable oils, and<span> </span>biodiesel. Rapeseed was the third-leading source of vegetable oil in the world in 2000, after<span> </span>soybean<span> </span>and<span> </span>palm oil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUSDA200226_18-0" class="reference">[17]</sup><span> </span>It is the world's second-leading source of<span> </span>protein<span> </span>meal after soybean.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeuzéTranSauvantLessire2020_19-0" class="reference">[18]</sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Animal_feed">Animal feed</span></h3> <p>Processing of rapeseed for oil production produces rapeseed meal as a byproduct. The byproduct is a high-protein animal feed, competitive with soybean. The feed is employed mostly for<span> </span>cattle<span> </span>feeding, but is also used for<span> </span>pigs<span> </span>and<span> </span>poultry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeuzéTranSauvantLessire2020_19-1" class="reference">[18]</sup><span> </span>However, natural rapeseed oil contains 50%<span> </span>erucic acid<span> </span>and high levels of<span> </span>glucosinolates<span> </span>that significantly lowers the nutritional value of rapeseed press cakes for animal feed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPottsRakowMales1999_20-0" class="reference">[19]</sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Vegetable_oil">Vegetable oil</span></h3> <p>Rapeseed oil is one of the oldest known vegetable oils, but historically was used in limited quantities due to high levels of erucic acid, which is damaging to<span> </span>cardiac muscle<span> </span>of animals, and glucosinolates, which made it less nutritious in animal feed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Brien200837_21-0" class="reference">[20]</sup><span> </span>Rapeseed oil can contain up to 54% erucic acid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESahasrabudhe1977323_22-0" class="reference">[21]</sup><span> </span>Food-grade canola oil derived from rapeseed cultivars, also known as rapeseed 00 oil, low erucic acid rapeseed oil, LEAR oil, and rapeseed canola-equivalent oil, has been<span> </span>generally recognized as safe<span> </span>by the<span> </span>United States Food and Drug Administration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUSFDA2010_23-0" class="reference">[22]</sup><span> </span>Canola oil is limited by government regulation to a maximum of 2% erucic acid by weight in the USA<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUSFDA2010_23-1" class="reference">[22]</sup><span> </span>and 5% in the EU,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEC1980_24-0" class="reference">[23]</sup><span> </span>with special regulations for infant food. These low levels of erucic acid are not believed to cause harm in human<span> </span>infants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUSFDA2010_23-2" class="reference">[22]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEC1980_24-1" class="reference">[23]</sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Biodiesel">Biodiesel</span></h3> <p>Rapeseed oil is used as diesel fuel, either as<span> </span>biodiesel, straight in heated fuel systems, or blended with petroleum distillates for powering motor vehicles. Biodiesel may be used in pure form in newer engines without engine damage and is frequently combined with fossil-fuel<span> </span>diesel<span> </span>in ratios varying from 2% to 20% biodiesel. Owing to the costs of growing, crushing, and refining rapeseed biodiesel, rapeseed-derived biodiesel from new oil costs more to produce than standard diesel fuel, so diesel fuels are commonly made from the used oil. Rapeseed oil is the preferred oil stock for biodiesel production in most of Europe, accounting for about 80% of the feedstock,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact">[<i><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></i>]</sup><span> </span>partly because rapeseed produces more oil per unit of land area compared to other oil sources, such as soybeans, but primarily because canola oil has a significantly lower<span> </span>gel point<span> </span>than most other vegetable oils.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Other">Other</span></h3> <p>Rapeseed is also used as a<span> </span>cover crop<span> </span>in the US during the winter as it prevents<span> </span>soil erosion, produces large amounts of<span> </span>biomass, suppresses weeds and can improve soil<span> </span>tilth<span> </span>with its root system. Some cultivars of rapeseed are also used as annual forage and are ready for grazing livestock 80 to 90 days after planting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgMRC2018_25-0" class="reference"></sup></p> <p>Rapeseed has a high<span> </span>melliferous<span> </span>potential and is a main forage crop for<span> </span>honeybees.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBertazziniForlani20162_26-0" class="reference">[25]</sup><span> </span>Monofloral rapeseed honey has a whitish or milky yellow color, peppery taste and, due to its fast crystallization time, a soft-solid texture. It crystallizes within 3 to 4 weeks and can ferment over time if stored improperly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELixandru2017_27-0" class="reference">[26]</sup><span> </span>The low fructose-to-glucose ratio in<span> </span>monofloral rapeseed honey<span> </span>causes it to quickly granulate in the<span> </span>honeycomb, forcing beekeepers to extract the honey within 24 hours of it being capped.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBertazziniForlani20162_26-1" class="reference">[25]</sup></p> <p>As a<span> </span>biolubricant, rapeseed has possible uses for bio-medical applications (e.g., lubricants for artificial joints) and the use of personal lubricant for sexual purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalimonSalihYousif2010522_28-0" class="reference">[27]</sup><span> </span>Biolubricant containing 70% or more canola/rapeseed oil has replaced petroleum-based chainsaw oil in Austria although they are typically more expensive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarrett1998_29-0" class="reference">[28]</sup></p> <p>Rapeseed has been researched as a means of containing<span> </span>radionuclides<span> </span>that contaminated the soil after the<span> </span>Chernobyl disaster<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2004_30-0" class="reference">[29]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERIA_Novosti2010_31-0" class="reference">[30]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker2010_32-0" class="reference">[31]</sup><span> </span>as it has a rate of uptake up to three times more than other grains, and only about 3 to 6% of the radionuclides go into the oilseeds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2004_30-1" class="reference">[29]</sup></p> <p>Rapeseed meal is mostly used as a soil fertilizer rather than for animal feed in<span> </span>China.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonjeanDequidtSangLimagrain20166_33-0" class="reference">[32]</sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Cultivation">Cultivation</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner"><img alt="Rapeseed seeds (Brassica napus subsp. napus)" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Champ_de_colza_C%C3%B4te-d%27Or_Bourgogne_avril_2014.jpg/220px-Champ_de_colza_C%C3%B4te-d%27Or_Bourgogne_avril_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Champ_de_colza_C%C3%B4te-d%27Or_Bourgogne_avril_2014.jpg/330px-Champ_de_colza_C%C3%B4te-d%27Or_Bourgogne_avril_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Champ_de_colza_C%C3%B4te-d%27Or_Bourgogne_avril_2014.jpg/440px-Champ_de_colza_C%C3%B4te-d%27Or_Bourgogne_avril_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4208" data-file-height="2626" title="Rapeseed seeds (Brassica napus subsp. napus)" /> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"></div> Field of rapeseed</div> </div> </div> <p>Crops from the genus<span> </span><i>Brassica</i>, including rapeseed, were among the earliest plants to be widely cultivated by mankind as early as 10,000 years ago. Rapeseed was being cultivated in India as early as 4000 B.C. and it spread to China and Japan 2000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnowdonLühsFriedt200654_5-2" class="reference">[4]</sup></p> <p>Rapeseed oil is predominantly cultivated in its winter form in most of Europe and Asia due to the requirement of<span> </span>vernalization<span> </span>to start the process of flowering. It is sown in autumn and remains in a<span> </span>leaf rosette<span> </span>on the soil surface during the winter. The plant grows a long vertical stem in the next spring followed by lateral branch development. It generally flowers in late spring with the process of pod development and ripening occurring over a period of 6–8 weeks until<span> </span>midsummer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnowdonLühsFriedt200656_15-1" class="reference">[14]</sup></p> <p>In Europe, winter rapeseed is grown as an annual break crop in three to four-year rotations with cereals such as<span> </span>wheat<span> </span>and<span> </span>barley, and break crops such as<span> </span>peas<span> </span>and<span> </span>beans. This is done to reduce the possibility of pests and diseases being carried over from one crop to another.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlford20083_34-0" class="reference">[33]</sup><span> </span>Winter rape is less susceptible to<span> </span>crop failure<span> </span>as it is more vigorous than the summer variety and can compensate for damage done by pests.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlford20084_35-0" class="reference">[34]</sup></p> <p>Spring rapeseed is cultivated in Canada, northern Europe and Australia as it is not winter-hardy and does not require vernalization. The crop is sown in spring with stem development happening immediately after<span> </span>germination.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnowdonLühsFriedt200656_15-2" class="reference">[14]</sup></p> <p>Rapeseed can be cultivated on a wide variety of well-drained soils, prefers a<span> </span>pH<span> </span>between 5.5 and 8.3 and has a moderate tolerance of<span> </span>soil salinity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgMRC2018_25-1" class="reference">[24]</sup><span> </span>It is predominantly a<span> </span>wind-pollinated<span> </span>plant but shows significantly increased grain yields when<span> </span>bee-pollinated,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChambóDe_OliveiraGarciaDuarte-Júnior20142087_36-0" class="reference">[35]</sup><span> </span>almost double the final yield<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBertazziniForlani20162_26-2" class="reference">[25]</sup><span> </span>but the effect is cultivar-dependent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindströmHerbertssonRundlöfSmith2015759_37-0" class="reference">[36]</sup><span> </span>It is currently grown with high levels of nitrogen-containing fertilisers, and the manufacture of these generates<span> </span>N<sub>2</sub>O. An estimated 3-5% of nitrogen provided as fertilizer for rapeseed is converted to N<sub>2</sub>O.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis_Jr.2007_38-0" class="reference">[37]</sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Diseases_and_pests">Diseases and pests</span></h2> <p>The main diseases of the winter rapeseed crop are<span> </span><i>canker</i>,<span> </span><i>light leaf spot</i>,<span> </span><i>alternaria</i><span> </span>and<span> </span><i>sclerotinia<span> </span>stem rot</i>. Canker causes<span> </span>leaf spotting, and premature ripening and weakening of the stem during the autumn-winter period. A conazole or<span> </span>triazole<span> </span>fungicide<span> </span>treatment is required in late autumn and in spring against<span> </span><i>canker</i><span> </span>while broad-spectrum fungicides are used during the spring-summer period for alternaria and sclerotinia control.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlford20087_39-0" class="reference">[38]</sup><span> </span>Oilseed rape cannot be planted in close rotation with itself due to soil-borne diseases such as<span> </span><i>sclerotinia</i>,<span> </span><i>verticillium wilt</i><span> </span>and<span> </span>clubroot.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlford20083_34-1" class="reference">[33]</sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Pests">Pests</span></h3> <p>Rapeseed is attacked by a wide variety of insects,<span> </span>nematodes,<span> </span>slugs<span> </span>as well as<span> </span>wood pigeons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlford20086_40-0" class="reference">[39]</sup><span> </span>The<span> </span><i>brassica pod midge</i>,<span> </span><i>cabbage seed weevil</i>,<span> </span><i>cabbage stem weevil</i>,<span> </span><i>cabbage stem flea beetle</i>,<span> </span><i>rape stem weevil</i><span> </span>and<span> </span><i>pollen beetles</i><span> </span>are the primary insect pests that prey on the oilseed rape crop in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlford20089_41-0" class="reference">[40]</sup><span> </span>The insect pests can feed on developing pods to lay eggs inside and eat the developing seeds, bore into the plant's stem and feed on pollen, leaves and flowers. Synthetic<span> </span>pyrethroid<span> </span>insecticides<span> </span>are the main attack vector against insect pests though there is a large-scale use of<span> </span>prophylactic<span> </span>insecticides in many countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlford20087_39-1" class="reference">[38]</sup><span> </span>Molluscicide<span> </span>pellets are used either before or after sowing of the rapeseed crop to protect against slugs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlford20086_40-1" class="reference">[39]</sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History_of_the_cultivars">History of the cultivars</span></h2> <p>In 1973, Canadian<span> </span>agricultural scientists<span> </span>launched a marketing campaign to promote<span> </span>canola<span> </span>consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThiyam-HolländerEskinMatthäus20134_42-0" class="reference">[41]</sup><span> </span>Seed, oil and protein meal derived from rapeseed cultivars which is low in erucic acid and low in glucosinolates was originally registered as a trademark, in 1978, of the Canola Council of Canada, as "canola".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMag1983380_43-0" class="reference">[42]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoché20155_44-0" class="reference">[43]</sup><span> </span>This is now a generic term for edible varieties of rapeseed but is still officially defined in Canada as rapeseed oil that "must contain less than 2% erucic acid and less than 30 µmol of glucosinolates per gram of air-dried oil-free meal."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoché20155_44-1" class="reference">[43]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECFIA2017_45-0" class="reference">[44]</sup></p> <p>Following the<span> </span>European Parliament's<span> </span>Transport Biofuels Directive<span> </span>in 2003 promoting the use of biofuels, the cultivation of winter rapeseed increased dramatically in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBertazziniForlani20162_26-3" class="reference">[25]</sup></p> <p>Bayer Cropscience, in collaboration with<span> </span>BGI-Shenzhen, China, Keygene N.V., the Netherlands, and the University of Queensland, Australia, announced it had sequenced the entire genome of<span> </span><i>B. napus</i><span> </span>and its constituent genomes present in<span> </span><i>B. rapa</i><span> </span>and<span> </span><i>B. oleracea</i><span> </span>in 2009. The "A" genome component of the amphidiploid rapeseed species<span> </span><i>B. napus</i><span> </span>is currently being sequenced by the Multinational<span> </span><i>Brassica</i><span> </span>Genome Project.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference">[45]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template">[<i><span title="The text near this tag is dated. (November 2010)">needs update</span></i>]</sup></p> <p>A<span> </span>genetically modified-for-glyphosate-tolerance variety of rapeseed which was developed in 1998 is considered to be the most disease- and drought-resistant canola. By 2009, 90% of the rapeseed crops planted in Canada were of this sort,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckieHarkerLégèreMorrison201143_47-0" class="reference">[46]</sup><span> </span>adoption of which, however, has not been free of controversy.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="GMO_controversy">GMO controversy</span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article:<span> </span>Roundup Ready Canola</div> <p>The<span> </span>Monsanto<span> </span>company<span> </span>genetically engineered<span> </span>new cultivars of rapeseed to be resistant to the effects of its<span> </span>herbicide,<span> </span>Roundup. In 1998, they brought this to the Canadian market. Monsanto sought compensation from farmers found to have crops of this cultivar in their fields without paying a license fee. However, these farmers claimed that the pollen containing the<span> </span><i>Roundup Ready</i><span> </span>gene was blown into their fields and crossed with unaltered canola. Other farmers claimed that after spraying Roundup in non-canola fields to kill weeds before planting,<span> </span><i>Roundup Ready</i><span> </span>volunteers<span> </span>were left behind, causing extra expense to rid their fields of the weeds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartley2008_48-0" class="reference">[47]</sup></p> <p>In a closely followed legal battle, the<span> </span>Supreme Court of Canada<span> </span>found in favor of Monsanto's<span> </span>patent infringement<span> </span>claim for unlicensed growing of<span> </span><i>Roundup Ready</i><span> </span>in its 2004 ruling on<span> </span><i>Monsanto Canada Inc. v. Schmeiser</i>, but also ruled that Schmeiser was not required to pay any damages. The case garnered international controversy, as a court-sanctioned legitimization for the global patent protection of<span> </span>genetically modified crops. In March 2008, an<span> </span>out-of-court settlement<span> </span>between Monsanto and Schmeiser agreed that Monsanto would clean up the entire GMO-canola crop on Schmeiser's farm, at a cost of about CAD $660.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartley2008_48-1" class="reference">[47]</sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Production">Production</span></h2> <p>The<span> </span>Food and Agriculture Organization<span> </span>reports global production of 36 million tons of rapeseed in the 2003–2004 season, and an estimated 58.4 million tons in the 2010–2011 season.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference">[48]</sup></p> <p>Worldwide production of rapeseed (including canola) has increased sixfold between 1975 and 2007. The production of canola and rapeseed since 1975 has opened up the edible oil market for rapeseed oil. Since 2002, production of biodiesel has been steadily increasing in EU and USA to 6 million metric tons in 2006. Rapeseed oil is positioned to supply a good portion of the vegetable oils needed to produce that fuel. World production was thus expected to trend further upward between 2005 and 2015 as biodiesel content requirements in Europe go into effect.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference">[</sup></p>
VE 134 (20 S)
Rapeseed seeds (Brassica napus subsp. napus)

This plant is edible

Variety from Japan
Mizuna Rode Japenese...

Mizuna Rode Japenese...

Prijs € 1,95 SKU: MHS 76
,
5/ 5
<h2 class=""><strong>Mizuna Rode Japenese Mosterdzaadjes</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #fe0000;"><strong>Prijs voor een pakket van 10 zaden.</strong></span></h2> 'Mizuna' wordt al sinds de oudheid in Japan verbouwd. Mizuna werd in 2019 met succes gekweekt in het International Space Station. Het groeit in winterharde zones 4 tot 9, geeft de voorkeur aan volle zon of halfschaduw, goed doorlatende grond en heeft een pH van 6,5-7,0. Het kan worden gekweekt als microgroen, of voor zijn bladeren met een tussenruimte van 20 cm.<br><br>De mizuna is inheems in de maritieme gebieden van Noord-China, Korea en Japan. Het is ook een van de planten die "Kyo-Yasai" worden genoemd, waarvan de uitstekende smaak verklaarde dat ze traditioneel werden gekweekt voor de keizer in de voormalige keizerlijke stad, rond Kyoto. Mizuna, geïntroduceerd na de Tweede Wereldoorlog in de Verenigde Staten en vervolgens in Europa, vestigde zich daar snel.<br><br>Het is een winterharde, tweejarige plant. Het biedt een gele bloei (kleine bloemen met 4 bloembladen zoals al die van de vertegenwoordigers van de Brassicaceae-familie) het jaar na dat van het zaaien. In het eerste jaar ontwikkelt de mizuna een dichte rozet, 15 tot 25 cm hoog, met tal van langwerpige, fijn gesneden, lichtgroene bladeren. Deze kool kan zowel krullend witlof als een plukje paardenbloem oproepen. Het blad van de mizuna is knapperig en heeft een licht peperige smaak. Dit verklaart zeker de bijnaam "Japanse mosterd" die soms naar deze kool verwijst.<br><br>Culinair gebruik van mizuna<br>Mizuna wordt natuurlijk gebruikt in salades of kan, fijngehakt, snel in de wok worden gedaan of in soepen en stoofschotels worden gedaan.<br><br>Gesneden bladeren kunnen bijvoorbeeld snel worden gebakken en geserveerd met garnalen en pasta. Om te testen: bestrooi het gerecht met kokosmelk, bestrooi het met geroosterde pinda's.<br><br>Mizuna kan ook gekookt worden in gevogelte- of runderbouillon. Of bereid je als pesto zoals je dat met rucola doet.<br><br>Mizuna is de basis van een populaire culinaire specialiteit uit Kyoto: Japanse eend en mizuna fondue.<br><br>Een andere "Kyo Yasai"-groente, komatsuna, wordt veel geconsumeerd in Japanse restaurants en in de Koreaanse keuken. Daar wordt het traditioneel bereid in namuru: een saus gemaakt van sesamolie en kochujan (een lichtzoete en gefermenteerde chilipasta).<br><br>Mizuna zaaien<br>&nbsp;<br>Mizuna is niet veeleisend: als het de voorkeur geeft aan grond die koel maar goed doorlatend blijft, kan het in elke goede tuingrond groeien. Kies een zonnige locatie.<br><br>Winterhard (het is bestand tegen temperaturen tot -12 ° C), het is echter gevoelig voor hitte die voortijdig tot zaden kan leiden. Hoewel het al in mei op zijn plaats kan worden gezaaid, geeft u er de voorkeur aan om het in de late zomer (eind augustus) te laten groeien voor een winteroogst.<br><br>Mizuna wordt gezaaid in vollegrondskwekerijen of ter plaatse. De planten worden uitgedund en verplant wanneer ze 4 bladeren hebben, met een onderlinge afstand van 20 cm.<br><br>Rustiek, gezond en krachtig, deze groente heeft bijna geen onderhoud nodig: geen bemesting of behandeling. Gekweekt in de herfst en winter, heeft het ook geen water nodig. U hoeft alleen uw rozetten onder een overwinteringszeil te beschermen als de buitentemperaturen erg laag worden en meerdere dagen aanhouden.<br><br>Mizuna kan 6 weken na het zaaien worden geoogst.<br><br>Nederlandse naam: Mizuna<br>Latijnse naam: Brassica rapa var japonica<br>Familie: Brassicaceae<br>Vegetatie: Biënnale<br>Volwassen hoogte: 0,15 tot 0,30 m<br>Grondsoort: Kleigrond Kalksteengrond Zandgrond Humus <script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>
MHS 76 (10 S)
Mizuna Rode Japenese Mosterdzaadjes
Paksoi of pak-choi zaden

Paksoi of pak-choi zaden

Prijs € 1,65 SKU: VE 61
,
5/ 5
<h2><strong>Paksoi of pak-choi zaden</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Prijs voor een pakket van 50 zaden. </strong></span></h2> <p><strong>Paksoi</strong> of <strong>pak-choi</strong> (<em>Brassica rapa</em> var. <em>chinensis</em>, synoniem: <em>Brassica campestris</em> var. <em>chinensis</em>) is een langbladige open Chinese kool met groene bladeren en spierwitte bladstelen van Aziatische origine. De groente is het gehele jaar verkrijgbaar en vaak afkomstig van Nederlandse glasteelt, maar ze komt ook uit Aziatische landen, Israël en Zuid-Europa.</p> <p>Paksoi behoort tot de kruisbloemenfamilie en is daarmee dus een koolsoort. Echter, net zoals sla en andijvie, is het een bladgroente. Er bestaan ook enkele varianten. Een van de bekendste varianten is de <em>baby-paksoi</em>.</p> <h2><span id="Naam">Naam</span></h2> <p>De Nederlandse naam voor paksoi is een verbastering van de Kantonese aanduiding voor de groente, baak choi. De vorm hiervoor in het Standaardchinees is <em>Xiaobaicai</em> (小白菜, Pinyin <em>xiǎobáicài</em>), wat "kleine witte groente" betekent.</p> <h2><span id="Gebruik">Gebruik</span></h2> <p>Paksoi is een knapperige groente die zowel in salades, in roerbakgerechten als in stamppot verwerkt kan worden. De hele struik is bruikbaar.<sup id="cite_ref-2">[2]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-3">[3]</sup> De groente wordt zo bereid dat ze wat knapperig blijft. De smaak kan beïnvloed worden door het toevoegen van pikante kruiden, knoflook of gember. Fijn versneden en licht geblancheerd worden paksoistelen verwerkt in salades.</p> <h2><span id="Voedingswaarde_per_100_gram">Voedingswaarde per 100 gram</span></h2> <p>Kcal: rauw 11</p> <p>Vitamine C: rauw 21 mg</p> <p>IJzer: rauw 0,6 mg</p> <p>Vezel: rauw 1,2 gram</p> <h2><span id="Bijzonderheden">Bijzonderheden</span></h2> <p>Paksoi is het hele jaar verkrijgbaar. De bewaartijd op een koele plaats is twee dagen en in de koelkast zeven dagen. De gemiddelde benodigde kooktijd is zeven minuten. Paksoi is een nitraatrijke groente.</p>
VE 61 (50 S)
Paksoi of pak-choi zaden