5/ 5

<h2 class=""><strong>Black mountain beet seeds</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Price for Package of 20 seeds.</strong></span></h2> <p>Variety with dark brown or black skin and white meat, long and thin, about 20cm. very adapted to cold and dry climates.<br /><br />The black mountain turnip is a root, a tuber with black skin and whitish flesh with a pleasant and slightly spicy flavor. It is harvested in winter and consumed until March. It is finer and tastier than the rest of the turnip varieties.<br /><br />It is used for creams or soups, but also for garnish and raw in salads, or fried like potatoes.<br /><br />Origin: Les Refardes - Spain</p> <script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

P 4 (20 S)

5/ 5

<h2><strong>Atemoya Seeds (Annona × cherimoya)</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #f80000;"><strong>Price for Package of 3 seeds.</strong></span></h2> The atemoya, Annona × cherimoya, or Annona squamosa × Annona cherimola is a hybrid of two fruits – the sugar-apple (Annona squamosa) and the cherimoya (Annona cherimola) – which are both native to the American tropics. This fruit is popular in Taiwan, where it is known as the "pineapple sugar apple" (鳳梨釋迦), so is sometimes wrongly believed to be a cross between the sugar-apple and the pineapple. In Cuba, it is known as anón, and in Venezuela chirimorinon. In Israel and Lebanon, the fruit is called achta, but in Israel, it is more common to call the fruit Annona as Latin. In Tanzania it is called stafeli dogo ("mini soursop"). In Brazil, the atemoya became popular and in 2011, around 1,200 hectares of atemoia were cultivated in Brazil.<br><br>An atemoya is normally heart-shaped or rounded, with pale-green, easily bruised, bumpy skin. Near the stem, the skin is bumpy as it is in the sugar-apple but becomes smoother like the cherimoya on the bottom. The flesh is not segmented like that of the sugar apple, bearing more similarity to that of the cherimoya. It is very juicy and smooth, tasting slightly sweet and a little tart, reminiscent of a piña colada. The taste also resembles vanilla from its sugar-apple parent. Many inedible, toxic, black seeds are found throughout the flesh of the atemoya. When ripe, the fruit can be scooped out of the shell and eaten chilled.<br><br>Atemoya (Annona cherimola × squamosa) was developed by crossing cherimoya (A. cherimola) with sugar-apple (A. squamosa). Natural hybrids have been found in Venezuela and chance hybrids were noted in adjacent sugar apple and cherimoya groves in Israel during the 1930s and 1940s.<br><br>The first cross was made in 1908 by P.J. Wester, a horticulturist at the USDA's Subtropical Laboratory in Miami. The resulting fruits were of superior quality to the sugar-apple and were given the name "atemoya", a combination of ate, an old Mexican name for sugar-apple, and "moya" from cherimoya. Subsequently, in 1917, Edward Simmons at Miami's Plant Introduction Station successfully grew hybrids that survived a drop in temperature to 26.5 °F (−3.1 °C), showing atemoya's hardiness derived from one of its parents, the cherimoya.<br><br>The atemoya, like other Annona trees, bears protogynous, hermaphroditic flowers, and self-pollination is rare. Therefore, artificial, hand pollination almost always guarantees superior quality fruits. One variety, 'Geffner', produces well without hand pollination. 'Bradley' also produces fair crops without hand pollination, but the fruit has a habit of splitting on the tree.[6] Atemoyas are sometimes misshapen, underdeveloped on one side, as the result of inadequate pollination.<br><br><strong>An atemoya flower, in its female stage, opens between 2:00 and 4:00 pm; between 3:00 pm and 5:00 pm on the following afternoon, the flower converts to its male stage.</strong><script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

V 10 AAC (3 S)

5/ 5

<h2><strong>Giant Armenian reticulate Cucumber Melon seeds</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Price for Package of 5 seeds.</strong></span></h2> Armenian reticulate cucumber is a variety that is very difficult to find. The fruits are up to 50 cm long, dark green with a mesh, and can reach a weight of 3 kg.<br /><br />The plant produces good yields of 40-50 cm long thick dark green cucumbers. Best to harvest the fruits when is 30 cm long. This is one of the biggest cucumbers on the market. It is an excellent and perfect cucumber for salads and gourmet dishes. It has a crisp mild flavor and is easy to digest. The fruits are ready for harvest in 50 days. <br /><br />Impress your neighbors and grow a giant cucumber in your home garden! <script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

PK 30 (10 S)

5/ 5

<div> <h2><strong>Dwarf tomato seeds Evita</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #f80000;"><strong>Price for Package of 5 seeds.</strong></span></h2> </div> <div></div> <div> <p>The heart tomato Evita (Solanum lycopersicum) produces small fruits that taste sweet, intense and can be harvested as early as July. For the optimal growth of the heart tomato Evita, a sunny location and permeable, nutrient-rich soil are required.</p> <p class="">USE</p> </div> <div> <p>Fresh consumption, cooking, salad, sauce / dip, soup / stew</p> <p>GROWTH</p> </div> <div> <p>Upright. Rapidly growing.</p> <p>FRUIT</p> </div> <div> <p>The bright red, small fruits have a sweet, intense taste. Ripening time from July. The fruits are round, pod-shaped.</p> <p>LOCATION</p> </div> <div> <p>Preferred location in a sunny location.</p> <p>GROUND</p> </div> <div> <p>Preferred soil rich in humus.</p> <p>WATER</p> </div> <div> <p>Water regularly and let the soil dry off in the meantime.</p> <p>MAINTENANCE</p> </div> <div> <p>It is advisable to draw irrigation ditches between the rows, because many types of vegetables should not be watered from above. In addition: Regular weeding prevents weeds from robbing the vegetables of their strength.</p> <p>PLANT PARTNERS</p> </div> <div> <p>Good planting partners: basil, nasturtium, curly parsley, peppermint, marigold, marigold, real woodruff, zinnia.</p> <p>PLANTING TIME</p> </div> <div> <p>Planting: spring to summer.</p> <p>SOWING TIME</p> </div> <div>Sow outdoors in May.</div> <div>Cover seeds 0.5 - 1 cm with soil. Germination takes place within 6-10 days at 15 ° C soil temperature.</div> <div></div><script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

VT 37 (5 S)

5/ 5

<h2><strong>SURURUCA Seeds (Passiflora setacea)</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>Price for Package of 3 seeds.</strong></span></h2> <p class="">Sururuca is a climbing plant with a perennial rootstock. It produces annually to perennial stems that scramble over the ground or clamber into other plants, supporting themselves by means of tendrils<br><br>The edible fruits are greatly appreciated in the plant's native range, where they are gathered from the wild.<br><br>This passion flower from southern central Brazil is found in thickets and riverine forests. It sports lobed leaves and beautiful white flowers followed by juicy, edible fruits 8 cm (orange pulp) with an excellent, mildly acidic taste.<br><br>Native to Bahia, Mato Grosso and surrounding areas of Brazil.</p><script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

V 18 PS

5/ 5

<div id="idTab1" class="rte"> <h2 class=""><strong>Red poppy Seeds (Papaver rhoeas)</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #f80000;"><strong>Price for a Package of 100 seeds.</strong></span></h2> <p>Papaver rhoeas, with common names including common poppy, corn poppy, corn rose, field poppy, Flanders poppy, and red poppy is an annual herbaceous species of flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. It is notable as an agricultural weed (hence the common names including "corn" and "field"). Especially in the UK, it is used as a symbol of remembrance of the fallen soldiers and another military, during World War I and thereafter.<br /><br />Papaver rhoeas is a variable, erect annual, forming a long-lived soil seed bank that can germinate when the soil is disturbed. In the northern hemisphere it generally flowers in late spring (between May and October in the UK) but if the weather is warm enough other flowers frequently appear at the beginning of autumn. It grows up to about 70 cm (28 in) in height. The stems hold single flowers, which are large and showy, 5–10 cm (2–4 in) across, with four petals that are vivid red, most commonly with a black spot at their base. The petals slightly overlap each other. The plant can produce up to 400 flowers in a warm season, that last only one day. The flower stem is usually covered with coarse hairs that are held at right angles to the surface, helping to distinguish it from Papaver dubium in which the hairs are more usually appressed (i.e. held close to the stem). The capsules are hairless, obovoid (egg-shaped), less than twice as tall as they are wide, with a stigma at least as wide as the capsule. Like many other species of Papaver, the plant exudes white to yellowish latex when the tissues are broken.<br /><br />Not all corn poppies that are available commercially have red flowers. Selective breeding has resulted in cultivars in yellow, orange, pink, and white. The Shirley poppy is a well known cultivar. A very pale speckled variety, derived from the Shirley, is also available.<br /><br />A nearly black-flowering hybrid, known as 'Evelina', was bred in Italy in the late 1990s, with P. dubium, but does not appear to be available commercially.<br /><br /><strong>Phytochemistry</strong><br /><br />Papaver rhoeas contains the alkaloid called rhoeadine, which is a mild sedative. Rhoeadic acid, papaveric acid and rhoeagenine are also found in this plant.<br /><br /><strong>Uses</strong><br /><br />The commonly grown garden decorative Shirley poppy is a cultivar of this plant.<br /><br />The black seeds are edible and can be eaten either on their own or as an ingredient in bread. Oil made from the seed is highly regarded in France.<br /><br />The petals contain a red dye which is used in some medicines and wines; also the dried petals are occasionally used to give colour to potpourris.<br /><br />In traditional folk medicine, it was used for gout, aches, and pains. The petals were used to create a syrup that was fed to children to help them sleep.</p> </div> <script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

MHS 43 PR (100 S)

5/ 5

<h2><strong>Giant F1 bell pepper seeds</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #f80000;"><strong>Price for Package of 10 seeds.</strong></span></h2> A hybrid type of bell pepper, the fruits are sweet, dark green in color, weighing up to 450 grams. In the mature stage, the fruits are dark red. Peppers are equally suitable for growing in the open field and in greenhouses. It gives extremely high yields and the fruits can be picked well when they are green and red.<br /><strong>Extremely disease-resistant!</strong> <script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

PP 64 (10 S)

5/ 5

<h2><strong>Bianca di Maggio Onion Seeds</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #f80000;"><strong>Price for Package of 50 seeds.</strong></span></h2> This antique Italian classic variety has flattened disk-shaped bulbs with a mild sweet flavor. this white onion is very sweet and mild, used in Italy for pickling, roasting, grilling, and salads. It has a storage life of up to three months. <br /><br />These delicious, white onions command a high price at specialty markets. <script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

MHS 165 (50 S)

5/ 5

<h2 class=""><strong>100 Seeds Habanero Yellow (Capsicum chinense)</strong></h2> <h2><strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">Price for Package of 100 seeds.</span></strong></h2> <div>The habanero is a variety of chili pepper. Unripe habaneros are green, and they color as they mature. The most common color variants are orange and red, but the fruit may also be white, brown, yellow, green, or purple. Typically, a ripe habanero chili is 2–6 cm (0.8–2.4 in) long. Habanero chilis are very hot, rated 100,000–650,000 on the Scoville scale. The habanero's heat, its flavor, and its floral aroma have made it a popular ingredient in hot sauces and spicy foods.<br><br>The name indicates something or someone from La Habana (Havana). In English, it is sometimes spelled and pronounced habañero, the tilde being added as a hyperforeignism patterned after jalapeño.<br><br><strong>Origin and current use</strong><br>The habanero chili comes from the Amazon, from which it was spread, reaching Mexico. A specimen of a domesticated habanero plant, dated at 8,500 years old, was found at an archaeological site in Peru.[citation needed] An intact fruit of a small domesticated habanero, found in pre-ceramic levels in Guitarrero Cave in the Peruvian highlands, was dated to 6500 BC.<br><br>The habanero chili was disseminated by Spanish colonists to other areas of the world, to the point that 18th-century taxonomists mistook China for its place of origin and called it Capsicum chinense ("the Chinese pepper").<br><br>Today, the largest producer is the Yucatán Peninsula, in Mexico. Habaneros are an integral part of Yucatecan food, accompanying most dishes, either in natural form or purée or salsa. Other modern producers include Belize, Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, and parts of the United States, including Texas, Idaho, and California.<br><br>The Scotch bonnet is often compared to the habanero, since they are two varieties of the same species, but they have different pod types. Both the Scotch bonnet and the habanero have thin, waxy flesh. They have a similar heat level and flavor. Both varieties average around the same level of pungency, but the actual degree varies greatly from one fruit to another according to genetics, growing methods, climate, and plant stress.<br><br>In 1999, the habanero was listed by Guinness World Records as the world's hottest chili, but it has since been displaced by other peppers. The Bhut jolokia (or ghost pepper) and Trinidad moruga scorpion have since been identified as native Capsicum chinense subspecies even hotter than the habanero. Breeders constantly crossbreed subspecies to attempt to create cultivars that will break the record on the Scoville scale. One example is the Carolina Reaper, a cross between a Bhut jolokia pepper with a particularly pungent red habanero.<br><br><strong>Cultivation</strong><br>Habaneros thrive in hot weather. Like all peppers, the habanero does well in an area with good morning sun and in soil with a pH level around 5 to 6 (slightly acidic). Habaneros which are watered daily produce more vegetative growth but the same number of fruit, with lower concentrations of capsaicin, as compared to plants which are watered only when dry (every seven days). Overly moist soil and roots will produce bitter-tasting peppers. Daily watering during flowering and early setting of fruit helps prevent flower and immature fruit from dropping, but flower dropping rates are reported to often reach 90% even in ideal conditions.<br><br>The habanero is a perennial flowering plant, meaning that with proper care and growing conditions, it can produce flowers (and thus fruit) for many years. Habanero bushes are good candidates for a container garden. In temperate climates, though, it is treated as an annual, dying each winter and being replaced the next spring. In tropical and subtropical regions, the habanero, like other chiles, will produce year round. As long as conditions are favorable, the plant will set fruit continuously.<br><br><strong>Cultivars</strong><br>Several growers have attempted to selectively breed habanero plants to produce hotter, heavier, and larger peppers. Most habaneros rate between 200,000 and 300,000 on the Scoville scale. In 2004, researchers in Texas created a mild version of the habanero, but retained the traditional aroma and flavor. The milder version was obtained by crossing the Yucatán habanero pepper with a heatless habanero from Bolivia over several generations.</div> <div></div> <div>Black habanero is an alternative name often used to describe the dark brown variety of habanero chilis (although they are slightly different, being slightly smaller and slightly more sphere-shaped). Some seeds have been found which are thought to be over 7,000 years old. The black habanero has an exotic and unusual taste, and is hotter than a regular habanero with a rating between 400,000 and 450,000 Scoville units. Small slivers used in cooking can have a dramatic effect on the overall dish. Black habaneros take considerably longer to grow than other habanero chili varieties. In a dried form, they can be preserved for long periods of time, and can be reconstituted in water then added to sauce mixes. Previously known as habanero negro, or by their Nahuatl name, their name was translated into English by spice traders in the 19th century as "black habanero". The word "chocolate" was derived from the Nahuatl word, xocolātl [ʃoˈkolaːt͡ɬ], and was used in the description, as well (as "chocolate habanero"), but it proved to be unpronounceable to the British traders, so it was simply named "black habanero".<br><br>A 'Caribbean Red,' a cultivar within the habanero family, has a citrusy and slightly smoky flavor, with a Scoville rating ranging from 300,000 to 445,000 Scoville units.</div> <script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

C 19 Y (100 S)

5/ 5

<h2><strong>Eagle Heart Siberian Tomato Seeds</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #f80000;"><strong>Price for Package of 10 seeds.</strong></span></h2> Eagle Heart Siberian Tomato is a uniquely colored oxheart that is a sight to see.<br>Mid-season, high-yielding, large-fruited grade of amateur selection. 300g tomato fruits of the beautiful extended heart-shaped form, a pink and crimson color, with gentle sweet pulp. This is a very meaty and smooth tomato that is sweet and delicious.&nbsp;<br><br>Dense, not watery, steady against cracking. The plant is powerful, very resistant to diseases and adverse weather conditions. It is suitable for open fields and greenhouses.<br>80 Days.<script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

VT 80 (10)

5/ 5

<h2 class=""><strong>Spanish flag seeds (Lantana camara)</strong><br><span style="color: #f80000;"><strong>Price for Package of 10 seeds</strong></span></h2> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><i><b>Lantana camara</b></i><span>&nbsp;</span>(<b>common lantana</b>) is a species of flowering plant within the<span>&nbsp;</span>verbena<span>&nbsp;</span>family (Verbenaceae), native to the American tropics.<sup id="cite_ref-florida_5-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><sup id="cite_ref-moyhill_6-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Other common names of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>include<span>&nbsp;</span><b>Spanish flag</b>,<span>&nbsp;</span><b>big-sage</b><span>&nbsp;</span>(Malaysia),<span>&nbsp;</span><b>wild-sage</b>,<span>&nbsp;</span><b>red-sage</b>,<span>&nbsp;</span><b>white-sage</b><span>&nbsp;</span>(Caribbean),<span>&nbsp;</span><b>korsu wiri</b><span>&nbsp;</span>or<span>&nbsp;</span><b>korsoe wiwiri</b><span>&nbsp;</span>(Suriname),<span>&nbsp;</span><b>tickberry</b><span>&nbsp;</span>(South Africa),<sup id="cite_ref-Cronk_7-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[7]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><b>West Indian lantana</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-plants_8-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[8]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><b>umbelanterna</b>,<span>&nbsp;</span><b>putus</b><span>&nbsp;</span>in Bengal and<span>&nbsp;</span><b>Gu Phool</b><span>&nbsp;</span>in Assam, India.</p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">As an ornamental,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is often cultivated indoors, or in a conservatory, but can also thrive in a garden with sufficient shelter in cooler climates.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[9]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>It has spread from its native Central and South America to around 50 countries,<sup id="cite_ref-Day_10-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[10]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>where it has become an<span>&nbsp;</span>invasive species.<sup id="cite_ref-Ghisalberti2000_11-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[11]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[12]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>It first spread out of the Americas when it was brought to<span>&nbsp;</span>Europe<span>&nbsp;</span>by Dutch explorers and cultivated widely, soon spreading further into<span>&nbsp;</span>Asia<span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span>Oceania<span>&nbsp;</span>where it has established itself as a notorious weed, and in Goa it was introduced by the Portuguese.<sup id="cite_ref-Ghisalberti2000_11-1" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[11]</sup></p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>can outcompete native species, leading to a reduction in<span>&nbsp;</span>biodiversity.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[13]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>It can also cause problems if it invades agricultural areas as a result of its toxicity to<span>&nbsp;</span>livestock, as well as its ability to form dense<span>&nbsp;</span>thickets<span>&nbsp;</span>which, if left unchecked, can greatly reduce the<span>&nbsp;</span>productivity<span>&nbsp;</span>of farmland.</p> <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Description">Description</span></h2> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><i>Lantana camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is a<span>&nbsp;</span>perennial, erect sprawling or<span>&nbsp;</span>scandent, shrub which typically grows to around 2 m tall and form dense thickets in a variety of environments. In the right conditions though, it can scramble up into trees and can grow to 6 metres tall.<span>&nbsp;</span>Due to extensive selective breeding throughout the 17th and 18th Centuries for use as an ornamental plant, there are now many different<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>cultivars.<sup id="cite_ref-GISD_4-1" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"><br></sup></p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>has small tubular shaped<span>&nbsp;</span>flowers, which each have four<span>&nbsp;</span>petals<span>&nbsp;</span>and are arranged in clusters in terminal areas<span>&nbsp;</span>stems. Flowers come in many different colours, including red, yellow, white, pink and orange, which differ depending on location in inflorescences, age, and maturity.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[17]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>The flower has a<span>&nbsp;</span>tutti frutti<span>&nbsp;</span>smell with a peppery undertone. After<span>&nbsp;</span>pollination<span>&nbsp;</span>occurs, the colour of the flowers changes (typically from yellow to orangish, pinkish, or reddish); this is believed to be a signal to<span>&nbsp;</span>pollinators<span>&nbsp;</span>that the pre-change colour contains a reward as well as being sexually viable, thus increasing pollination efficiency.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[18]</sup></p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">The leaves are broadly ovate, opposite, and simple and have a strong odour when crushed.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[19]</sup></p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">The fruit of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is a berry-like drupe which turns from green to dark purple when mature. Green unripe fruits are inedible to humans and animals alike. Because of dense patches of hard spikes on their rind, ingestion of them can result in serious damage to the digestive tract. Both<span>&nbsp;</span>vegetative<span>&nbsp;</span>(asexual) and<span>&nbsp;</span>seed<span>&nbsp;</span>reproduction occur. Up to 12,000<span>&nbsp;</span>fruits<span>&nbsp;</span>can be produced by each plant<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[20]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>which are then eaten by birds and other animals which can spread the seeds over large distances, facilitating the spread of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i>.</p> <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Distribution">Distribution</span></h2> <span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">The native range of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">Lantana camara</i><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><span>&nbsp;</span>is Central and South America; however, it has become naturalised in around 60 tropical and sub-tropical countries worldwide.</span><sup id="cite_ref-feppc2_21-0" class="reference" style="color: #202122; font-size: 11.2px;">[21]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference" style="color: #202122; font-size: 11.2px;">[22]</sup><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><span>&nbsp;</span>It is found frequently in east and southern Africa, where it occurs at altitudes below 2000 m, and often invades previously disturbed areas such as<span>&nbsp;</span></span>logged<span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><span>&nbsp;</span>forests and areas cleared for agriculture.</span><br> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>has also colonized areas of Africa, Southern Europe, such as Spain and Portugal, and also the Middle East, India, tropical Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and the US, as well as many Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean islands.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[24]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thaman_25-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[25]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>It has become a significant weed in Sri Lanka after escaping from the<span>&nbsp;</span>Royal Botanic gardens<span>&nbsp;</span>in 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-fao_26-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[26]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[27]</sup></p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">It was introduced into the Philippines from Hawaii as part of an exchange program between the United States and the Philippines; however, it managed to escape and has become naturalized in the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[28]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>It has also been introduced to the whole southern US, from<span>&nbsp;</span>California<span>&nbsp;</span>to<span>&nbsp;</span>North Carolina,<sup id="cite_ref-plants.usda.gov_29-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[29]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and is considered hardy in USDA zones 10 and 11.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[30]</sup></p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">The range of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is still increasing, shown by the fact that it has invaded many islands on which it was not present in 1974, including the<span>&nbsp;</span>Galapagos Islands,<span>&nbsp;</span>Saipan<span>&nbsp;</span>and the<span>&nbsp;</span>Solomon Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-Thaman_25-1" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[25]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>There is also evidence that<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is still increasing its range in areas where it has been established for many years, such as East Africa, Australia and New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-Day_10-1" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[10]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>The ability of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>to rapidly colonise areas of land which have been disturbed has allowed it to proliferate in countries where activities such as logging, clearance for agriculture and<span>&nbsp;</span>forest fires<span>&nbsp;</span>are common. In contrast, in countries with large areas of intact primary forest, the distribution of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>has been limited.</p> <h3 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Habitat">Habitat</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright" style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"> <div class="thumbinner" style="font-size: 13.16px;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Lantana_camara-Silent_Valley-2016-08-14-001.jpg/220px-Lantana_camara-Silent_Valley-2016-08-14-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Lantana_camara-Silent_Valley-2016-08-14-001.jpg/330px-Lantana_camara-Silent_Valley-2016-08-14-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Lantana_camara-Silent_Valley-2016-08-14-001.jpg/440px-Lantana_camara-Silent_Valley-2016-08-14-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"> <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 12.3704px;"> <div class="magnify"></div> <i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>Silent Valley National Park,<span>&nbsp;</span>Kerala,<span>&nbsp;</span>India</div> </div> </div> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><i>Lantana camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is found in a variety of environments, including:</p> <ul style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"> <li>Agricultural areas</li> <li>Forest margins and gaps</li> <li>Riparian<span>&nbsp;</span>zones</li> <li>Grasslands</li> <li>Secondary forest, and</li> <li>Beach fronts.</li> </ul> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is rarely found in natural or semi-natural areas of forest, as it is unable to compete with taller trees due to its lack of tolerance for shade. Instead, it grows at the forest edge.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>can survive in a wide range of climatic conditions, including<span>&nbsp;</span>drought, different soil types, heat, humidity, and salt. It is also relatively fired tolerant and can quickly establish itself in recently burnt areas of forest.</p> <h3 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Invasive_species">Invasive species</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright" style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"> <div class="thumbinner" style="font-size: 13.16px;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lantana_camara_tree.jpg/220px-Lantana_camara_tree.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lantana_camara_tree.jpg/330px-Lantana_camara_tree.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lantana_camara_tree.jpg/440px-Lantana_camara_tree.jpg 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="1279"> <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 12.3704px;"> <div class="magnify"></div> 6 metre tall<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>shrubs infesting a native woodland area in<span>&nbsp;</span>Sydney.</div> </div> </div> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is considered to be a weed in large areas of the<span>&nbsp;</span>Paleotropics<span>&nbsp;</span>where it has established itself. In agricultural areas or secondary forests it can become the dominant understorey shrub, crowding out other native species and reducing biodiversity.<sup id="cite_ref-Cronk_7-2" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[7]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>The formation of dense thickets of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>can significantly slow down the regeneration of forests by preventing the growth of new trees.<sup id="cite_ref-GISD_4-2" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[4]</sup></p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">In the US,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is considered invasive in tropical areas such as<span>&nbsp;</span>Florida<span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span>Hawaii.<sup id="cite_ref-plants.usda.gov_29-1" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[29]</sup></p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">Although<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is itself quite resistant to fire, it can change fire patterns in a forest<span>&nbsp;</span>ecosystem<span>&nbsp;</span>by altering the fuel load, causing a buildup of forest fuel, which itself increases the risk of fires spreading to the<span>&nbsp;</span>canopy.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[33]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>This can be particularly destructive in dry, arid areas where fire can spread quickly and lead to the loss of large areas of natural ecosystem.</p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>reduces the productivity in pasture through the formation of dense thickets, which reduce growth of crops as well as make harvesting more difficult. There are also secondary impacts, including the finding that in Africa,<span>&nbsp;</span>mosquitos<span>&nbsp;</span>which transmit<span>&nbsp;</span>malaria<span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span>tsetse<span>&nbsp;</span>flies shelter within the bushes of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[34]</sup></p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">Even though<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is considered invasive to the<span>&nbsp;</span>Western Ghats, the plant does not seem to impact biodiversity in the region; rather it tends to simply occupy the same moist regions as other species.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[35]</sup></p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">There are many reasons why<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>has been so successful as an invasive species; however, the primary factors which have allowed it to establish itself are:</p> <ol style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"> <li>Wide dispersal range made possible by birds and other animals that eat its drupes</li> <li>Less prone to being eaten by animals due to toxicity</li> <li>Tolerance of a wide range of environmental conditions<sup id="cite_ref-Cronk_7-3" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[7]</sup></li> <li>Increase in logging and habitat modification, which has been beneficial to<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>as it prefers disturbed habitats</li> <li>Production of toxic chemicals which inhibit competing plant species</li> <li>Extremely high seed production (12,000 seeds from each plant per year)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[36]</sup></li> </ol> <h3 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Toxicity">Toxicity</span></h3> <div class="thumb tleft" style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"> <div class="thumbinner" style="font-size: 13.16px;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Lantana_camara_%2855%29.jpg/220px-Lantana_camara_%2855%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Lantana_camara_%2855%29.jpg/330px-Lantana_camara_%2855%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Lantana_camara_%2855%29.jpg/440px-Lantana_camara_%2855%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="399"> <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 12.3704px;"> <div class="magnify"></div> <i>L. camara</i></div> </div> </div> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><i>Lantana camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is known to be toxic to livestock such as cattle, sheep, horses, dogs and goats.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[37]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[38]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>The active substances causing toxicity in grazing animals are<span>&nbsp;</span>pentacyclic<span>&nbsp;</span>triterpenoids, which result in liver damage and photosensitivity.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[39]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>also excretes<span>&nbsp;</span>allelopathic<span>&nbsp;</span>chemicals, which reduce the growth of surrounding plants by inhibiting<span>&nbsp;</span>germination<span>&nbsp;</span>and root elongation.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[40]</sup></p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">The toxicity of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>to humans is undetermined, with several studies suggesting that ingesting berries can be toxic to humans, such as a study by O P Sharma which states "Green unripe fruits of the plant are toxic to humans".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[41]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>NC State's Extension Gardener website states that ingestion of the flowers, fruits, and leaves can cause vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, and liver failure, while the leaves can cause contact dermatitis.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[42]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>However, other studies have found evidence which suggests that<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>fruit poses no risk to humans when eaten, and is in fact edible when ripe.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[43]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[44]</sup></p> <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Management_and_control">Management and control</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright" style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"> <div class="thumbinner" style="font-size: 13.16px;"><img alt="Butterfly feeding on Lantana camara" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Graphium_sarpedon_WQXGA.jpg/220px-Graphium_sarpedon_WQXGA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Graphium_sarpedon_WQXGA.jpg/330px-Graphium_sarpedon_WQXGA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Graphium_sarpedon_WQXGA.jpg/440px-Graphium_sarpedon_WQXGA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1600"> <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 12.3704px;"> <div class="magnify"></div> Butterfly feeding on<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i></div> </div> </div> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">Effective management of invasive<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>in the long term will require a reduction in activities that create degraded habitats. Maintaining functioning (healthy) ecosystems is key to preventing invasive species from establishing themselves and out-competing native<span>&nbsp;</span>fauna<span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span>flora.</p> <h3 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Biological">Biological</span></h3> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">Insects and other<span>&nbsp;</span>biocontrol<span>&nbsp;</span>agents have been implemented with varying degrees of success in an attempt to control<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i>. It was the first weed ever subjected to biological control; however, none of the programs have been successful despite 36 control agents being used across 33 regions.<sup id="cite_ref-Management_Information_45-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[45]</sup></p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">The lack of success using biological control in this case is most likely due to the many<span>&nbsp;</span>hybrid<span>&nbsp;</span>forms of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i>, as well as its large<span>&nbsp;</span>genetic diversity<span>&nbsp;</span>which makes it difficult for the control agents to target all plants effectively. A recent study in India has shown some results around biological control of this plant using tingid bugs.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[46]</sup></p> <h3 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Mechanical">Mechanical</span></h3> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">Mechanical control of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>involves physically removing the plants. Physical removal can be effective but is labor-intensive and expensive,<span>&nbsp;</span>therefore removal is usually only appropriate in small areas or at the early stages of an infestation. Another method of mechanical control is to use fire treatment, followed by revegetation with native species.</p> <h3 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Chemical">Chemical</span></h3> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">Using herbicides to manage<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is very effective but also expensive, prohibiting its use in many poorer countries where<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is well established. The most effective way of chemically treating plant species is to first mow the area, then spray the area with a<span>&nbsp;</span>weed-killer, although this may have serious environmental consequences.</p> <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Uses">Uses</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright" style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"> <div class="thumbinner" style="font-size: 13.16px;"><img alt="Butterfly resting on L. camara" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Butterfly_on_Lantana_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Westmoreland.jpg/220px-Butterfly_on_Lantana_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Westmoreland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Butterfly_on_Lantana_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Westmoreland.jpg/330px-Butterfly_on_Lantana_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Westmoreland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Butterfly_on_Lantana_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Westmoreland.jpg/440px-Butterfly_on_Lantana_-_Flickr_-_Andrea_Westmoreland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5098" data-file-height="3618"> <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 12.3704px;"> <div class="magnify"></div> Butterfly resting on<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i></div> </div> </div> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><i>Lantana camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>stalks have been used in the construction of furniture, such as chairs and tables;<span>&nbsp;</span>however, the main uses have historically been medicinal and ornamental.</p> <h3 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Medicinal_value">Medicinal value</span></h3> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">Studies conducted in India have found that<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lantana</i><span>&nbsp;</span>leaves can display<span>&nbsp;</span>antimicrobial,<span>&nbsp;</span>fungicidal,<span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span>insecticidal<span>&nbsp;</span>properties.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>has also been used in traditional herbal medicines for treating a variety of ailments, including<span>&nbsp;</span>cancer, skin itches,<span>&nbsp;</span>leprosy,<span>&nbsp;</span>chickenpox,<span>&nbsp;</span>measles,<span>&nbsp;</span>asthma,<span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span>ulcers.<sup id="cite_ref-GISD_4-4" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[4]</sup></p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>extract has been shown to reduce gastric<span>&nbsp;</span>ulcer<span>&nbsp;</span>development in rats.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[49]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Extracts from the plant have also been used in Brazil to treat respiratory infections.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[50]</sup></p> <h3 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Ornamental">Ornamental</span></h3> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><i>Lantana camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>has been grown specifically for use as an ornamental plant since Dutch explorers first brought it to Europe from the New World.<sup id="cite_ref-GISD_4-5" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[4]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Its ability to last for a relatively long time without water, and the fact that it does not have many pests or diseases which affect it, have contributed to it becoming a common ornamental plant.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>also attracts butterflies and birds and is frequently used in butterfly gardens.<sup id="cite_ref-florida_5-1" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[5]</sup></p> <h3 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.2em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="As_a_host-plant">As a host-plant</span></h3> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">Many butterfly species feed on the nectar of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara.</i><span>&nbsp;</span><i>Papilio homerus</i>, the largest butterfly in the western hemisphere, is known to feed on the nectar of the flowers as an opportunistic flower feeder.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[51]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>A jumping spider<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Evarcha culicivora</i><span>&nbsp;</span>has an association with<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. camara</i>. They consume the nectar for food and preferentially use these plants as a location for courtship.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_52-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[52]</sup></p> <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span></h2> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">The name<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lantana</i><span>&nbsp;</span>derives from the<span>&nbsp;</span>Latin<span>&nbsp;</span>name of the wayfaring tree<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Viburnum lantana</i>, the flowers of which closely resemble<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lantana</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ghisalberti2000_11-2" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[11]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-gledhill_53-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[53]</sup></p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><i>Camara</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is derived from<span>&nbsp;</span>Greek, meaning ‘arched’, ‘chambered’, or ‘vaulted’.</p> <br> <script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

MHS 59 (10 S)

5/ 5

<h2><strong>Ponytail palm seeds (Beaucarnea recurvata)</strong></h2> <h2><span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">Price for Package of 2 seeds.</span> </strong></span></h2> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><i><b>Beaucarnea recurvata</b></i>, the<span>&nbsp;</span><b>elephant's foot</b><span>&nbsp;</span>or<span>&nbsp;</span><b>ponytail palm</b>, is a<span>&nbsp;</span>species<span>&nbsp;</span>of plant in the<span>&nbsp;</span>family<span>&nbsp;</span>Asparagaceae. The species was native to numerous states of eastern<span>&nbsp;</span>Mexico<span>&nbsp;</span>but is now confined to the state of<span>&nbsp;</span>Veracruz.<sup id="cite_ref-IUCN_1-1" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Despite its common name, it is not closely related to the true palms (Arecaceae). It has become popular in Europe and worldwide as an<span>&nbsp;</span>ornamental plant. There are 350-year-old Beaucarneas registered in Mexico.</p> <p>It is an<span>&nbsp;</span>evergreen<span>&nbsp;</span>perennial<span>&nbsp;</span>growing to 15&nbsp;feet 6&nbsp;inches (4.72&nbsp;m) with a noticeable expanded<span>&nbsp;</span>caudex, for storing water. The single palm-like stem produces terminal tufts of strap-shaped, recurved leathery leaves, sometimes hair lock-shaped in the ends, and with occasional<span>&nbsp;</span>panicles<span>&nbsp;</span>of small white flowers once the plant reaches over 10 years of age.</p> <p>The only moderately swollen<span>&nbsp;</span>trunk<span>&nbsp;</span>at the base is slender over it and only slightly branched. The almost spherical<span>&nbsp;</span>caudex<span>&nbsp;</span>in the youth stage later becomes 4 to 6 meters long<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[5]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and reaches a diameter of up to 50 centimeters and more at the base. The<span>&nbsp;</span>bark<span>&nbsp;</span>is smooth. The green lineal, slightly rejuvenated and bent leaves are thin, flat or slightly ridged. They are 90 to 180 inches long and 15 to 20 millimeters wide.</p> <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Habitat">Habitat</span></h2> <p>Its habitat is low deciduous forest, with average temperatures of 20&nbsp;°C and an annual rainfall of 800&nbsp;mm, and a well-marked dry season of between 7 and 8 months. These types of forests are in an altitudinal range of 0 to 1700 meters above sea level. They grow on rocky soils deficient in nutrients, cliffs and steep mountains. The plant is resistant up to 10&nbsp;°C, and grows in full sun or partial shade. The plants are very slow growing and very tolerant to drought, in a pot or planted as an ornamental garden tree.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[6]</sup></p> <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Cultivation">Cultivation</span></h2> <p>Having gained the<span>&nbsp;</span>Royal Horticultural Society's<span>&nbsp;</span>Award of Garden Merit.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[7]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><i>B. recurvata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is often grown as a<span>&nbsp;</span>houseplant<span>&nbsp;</span>or an outdoor plant in<span>&nbsp;</span>temperate<span>&nbsp;</span>climate gardens. Slow-growing and drought-tolerant,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Beaucarnea recurvata</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is<span>&nbsp;</span>hardy<span>&nbsp;</span>to −5&nbsp;°C (23&nbsp;°F), grows in full sun to light shade, and requires proper soil mix to drain when watered. However, be cautious not to over-water, as this will foster pests like the<span>&nbsp;</span>mealybug<span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span>cochineal<span>&nbsp;</span>insect. If going to be kept in places with strong winters, it must be an indoor plant as it cannot resist cold temperatures. To maintain its original shape, the ends of its leaves should not be snipped, and when repotted it must keep all of its roots.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[8]</sup></p> <p>There are 10 different species of this plant, according to the Institute of Ecology in<span>&nbsp;</span>Xalapa, state of<span>&nbsp;</span>Veracruz, which runs the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Jardín Botánico Francisco Javier Clavijero</i><span>&nbsp;</span>botanical garden, where over 400 Beaucarneas are exhibited and more are grown in greenhouses for conservation purposes, in the "Colección Nacional de Beaucarneas" (Beaucarneas National Collection).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup></p> <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="mw-headline" id="State_of_conservation">State of conservation</span></h2> <p>The species of the genus<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Beaucarnea</i><span>&nbsp;</span>are mostly in critical condition due to various anthropogenic activities, which has led to severe fragmentation and destruction of their habitat. On the other hand, the extraction of seeds, seedlings, juveniles and adults have affected the size of the population and the proportion of sexes, reducing with this the possibilities of fertilization and, consequently, the production of seeds.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[10]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>This exploitation process exposes this species, in a state of threat or extinction, by reducing the minimum viable size of the populations, as well as the deterioration of their genetic diversity.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;">[11]</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><i>B. recurvata</i>, is considered to be threatened according to Official Mexican Standard 059-ECOL-2010 of<span>&nbsp;</span>SEMARNAT<span>&nbsp;</span>in Mexico.</p> <p style="color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"><br><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="font-size: 11.2px;"></sup></p> <script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

PS 15 (2 S)