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<h2><strong>Sea Buckthorn Seeds (hippophae rhamnoides)</strong></h2><h2><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Price for Package of 10 seeds.</strong></span></h2><p><i><b>Hippophae</b></i><span> </span>is a genus of<span> </span><b>sea buckthorns</b>,<span> </span>deciduous<span> </span>shrubs<span> </span>in the family<span> </span>Elaeagnaceae. The name sea buckthorn may be<span> </span>hyphenated<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"></sup><span> </span>to avoid confusion with the<span> </span>buckthorns(<i>Rhamnus</i>, family<span> </span>Rhamnaceae). It is also referred to as<span> </span><b>sandthorn</b>,<span> </span><b>sallowthorn</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"></sup><span> </span>or<span> </span><b>seaberry</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"></sup><span> </span>It produces orange-yellow berries, which have been used over centuries as food,<span> </span>traditional medicine, and<span> </span>skin treatment<span> </span>in Mongolia, Russia, and northern Europe, which are its origin regions.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_4-0" class="reference"></sup></p><p>It is an exceptionally hardy plant able to withstand winter temperatures as low as −43 °C (−45 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-Li_4-1" class="reference">[4]</sup><span> </span>Because<span> </span><i>Hippophae</i><span> </span>develops an aggressive and extensive root system, it is planted to inhibit<span> </span>soil erosion<span> </span>and is used in<span> </span>land reclamation<span> </span>for its<span> </span>nitrogen fixing<span> </span>properties,<span> </span>wildlife habitat, and soil enrichment.<sup id="cite_ref-li01_5-0" class="reference">[5]</sup><span> </span><i>Hippophae</i><span> </span>berries and leaves are manufactured into various human and animal food and<span> </span>skincare<span> </span>products</p><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Taxonomy_and_name">Taxonomy and name</span></h2><p><i>Hippophae</i><span> </span>is a small<span> </span>genus<span> </span>of Elaeagnaceae having a terminal<span> </span>taxon<span> </span>with seven<span> </span>species<span> </span>recognized, as of 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-swenson_6-0" class="reference"></sup><span> </span><i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i><span> </span>is a highly variable species with eight subspecies.<sup id="cite_ref-swenson_6-1" class="reference"></sup></p><p>In ancient times, leaves and young branches from sea buckthorn were supposedly fed as a remedy to horses to support weight gain and appearance of the coat, leading to the name of the genus,<span> </span><i>Hippophae</i><span> </span>derived from<span> </span><i>hippo</i><span> </span>(horse), and<span> </span><i>phaos</i><span> </span>(shining).<sup id="cite_ref-Li_4-3" class="reference"></sup></p><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Distribution">Distribution</span></h2><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><img alt="Sea Buckthorn Seeds (hippophae rhamnoides)" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ripe_berries_of_sea-buckthorn._Selenginsky_district%2C_Buryatia%2C_Russia.jpg/220px-Ripe_berries_of_sea-buckthorn._Selenginsky_district%2C_Buryatia%2C_Russia.jpg" width="220" height="276" class="thumbimage" title="Sea Buckthorn Seeds (hippophae rhamnoides)" /><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div>Ripe berries of sea-buckthorn. Selenginsky district, Buryatia, Russia</div></div></div><p><i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i>, the common sea buckthorn, is the most widespread of the species in the genus, with the ranges of its eight subspecies extending from the<span> </span>Atlantic<span> </span>coasts of Europe across to northwestern Mongolia and northwestern China.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_4-4" class="reference"></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bartish_7-0" class="reference"></sup><span> </span>In western Europe, it is largely confined to sea coasts where salt spray off the sea prevents other larger plants from outcompeting it. In central Asia, it is more widespread in dry<span> </span>semi-desert<span> </span>sites where other plants cannot survive the dry conditions.</p><p>In central Europe and Asia, it also occurs as a<span> </span>sub-alpine<span> </span>shrub above the<span> </span>tree line<span> </span>in mountains, and other sunny areas such as<span> </span>river banks<span> </span>where it has been used to stabilize<span> </span>erosion.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_4-5" class="reference"></sup><span> </span>They are tolerant of<span> </span>salt<span> </span>in the air and soil, but demand full sunlight for good growth and do not tolerate shady conditions near larger trees. They typically grow in dry, sandy areas.</p><p>More than 90% or about 1,500,000 ha (5,800 sq mi) of the world's natural sea buckthorn<span> </span>habitat<span> </span>is found in<span> </span>China,<span> </span>Mongolia,<span> </span>Russia,<span> </span>northern Europe, and<span> </span>Canada, where the plant is used for soil, water and wildlife conservation, anti-desertification<span> </span>purposes, and consumer products.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_4-6" class="reference"></sup></p><p>Sea buckthorn USDA<span> </span>hardiness zones<span> </span>are about 3 through 7.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_4-7" class="reference"></sup></p><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Description">Description</span></h2><p>The shrubs reach 0.5–6 metres (1.6–19.7 ft) tall, rarely up to 10 metres (33 ft) in central Asia. The leaf arrangement can be alternate or opposite.<sup id="cite_ref-swenson_6-2" class="reference"></sup></p><ul><li><i>Hippophae goniocarpa</i><span> </span>grows in mountainous regions in Nepal and China on mountain slopes, river banks, flood lands and valley terraces. The growth altitude is typically between 2650 and 3700 m. The species is divided into two distinct subspecies,<span> </span><i>H. goniocarpa</i><span> </span>subsp.<span> </span><i>litangensis</i><span> </span>and<span> </span><i>H. goniocarpa</i><span> </span>subsp.<span> </span><i>goniocarpa</i>.<span> </span><i>H. goniocarpa</i><span> </span>subsp.<span> </span><i>litangensis</i><span> </span>differs from the typical subspecies by the young branchlets and the lower surface of leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"></sup><span> </span>The Latin<span> </span>specific epithet<span> </span><i>goniocarpa</i><span> </span>refers to goniocarpus -a -um with angular fruits.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference">[</sup></li><li><i>Hippophae gyantsensis</i></li><li><i>Hippophae litangensis</i></li><li><i>Hippophae neurocarpa</i></li><li><i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i>: Common sea buckthorn has dense and stiff branches, and are very thorny. The<span> </span>leaves<span> </span>are a distinct pale silvery-green, lanceolate, 3–8 cm (1.2–3.1 in) long, and less than 7 mm (0.28 in) broad. It is<span> </span>dioecious, with separate male and female plants. The male produces brownish flowers which produce wind-distributed<span> </span>pollen. The female plants produce orange<span> </span>berries<span> </span>6–9 mm (0.24–0.35 in) in diameter, soft, juicy, and rich in oils. The roots distribute rapidly and extensively, providing a nonleguminous<span> </span>nitrogen fixation<span> </span>role in surrounding soils.</li><li><i>Hippophae salicifolia</i><span> </span>(willow-leaved sea buckthorn) is restricted to the<span> </span>Himalayas, to the south of the common sea buckthorn, growing at high altitudes in dry valleys; it differs from<span> </span><i>H. rhamnoides</i><span> </span>in having broader (to 10 mm (0.39 in)) and greener (less silvery) leaves, and yellow berries. A wild variant occurs in the same area, but at even higher altitudes in the alpine zone.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact">[<i><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2007)">citation needed</span></i>]</sup><span> </span>It is a low shrub not growing taller than 1 m (3.3 ft) with small leaves 1–3 cm (0.39–1.18 in) long.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact">[<i><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span></i>]</sup></li><li><i>Hippophae tibetana</i></li></ul><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><img alt="Sea Buckthorn Seeds (hippophae rhamnoides)" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Hippopha%C3%AB-rhamnoides.JPG/220px-Hippopha%C3%AB-rhamnoides.JPG" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" title="Sea Buckthorn Seeds (hippophae rhamnoides)" /><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div>Common sea buckthorn</div></div></div><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Varieties">Varieties</span></h3><p>During the<span> </span>Cold War, Russian and East German horticulturists developed new varieties with greater nutritional value, larger berries, different ripening months and branches that are easier to harvest. Over the past 20 years, experimental crops have been grown in the United States, one in<span> </span>Nevada<span> </span>and one in<span> </span>Arizona, and in several provinces of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"></sup></p><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Genetics">Genetics</span></h3><p>A study of nuclear<span> </span>ribosomal<span> </span>internal transcribed spacer<span> </span>sequence data<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"></sup><span> </span>showed that the genus can be divided into three<span> </span>clades:</p><ul><li><i>H. tibetana</i></li><li><i>H. rhamnoides</i><span> </span>with the exception of<span> </span><i>H. rhamnoides</i><span> </span>ssp.<span> </span><i>gyantsensis</i><span> </span>(=<i>H. gyantsensis</i>)</li><li>remaining species</li></ul><p>A study using<span> </span>chloroplast<span> </span>sequences and morphology,<sup id="cite_ref-Bartish_7-1" class="reference">[7]</sup><span> </span>however, recovered only two clades:</p><ul><li><i>H. tibetana</i>,<span> </span><i>H. gyantsensis</i>,<span> </span><i>H. salicifolia</i>,<span> </span><i>H. neurocarpa</i></li><li><i>H. rhamnoides</i></li></ul><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Natural_history">Natural history</span></h2><p>The fruit is an important winter food resource for some birds, notably<span> </span>fieldfares.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact">[<i><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span></i>]</sup></p><p>Leaves are eaten by the<span> </span>larva<span> </span>of the coastal race of the<span> </span>ash pug<span> </span>moth and by larvae of other<span> </span>Lepidoptera, including<span> </span>brown-tail,<span> </span>dun-bar,<span> </span>emperor moth,<span> </span>mottled umber, and<span> </span><i>Coleophora<span> </span>elaeagnisella</i>.</p><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Uses">Uses</span></h2><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><img alt="Sea Buckthorn Seeds (hippophae rhamnoides)" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hipp%C3%B3phae_rhamno%C3%ADdes.JPG/220px-Hipp%C3%B3phae_rhamno%C3%ADdes.JPG" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" title="Sea Buckthorn Seeds (hippophae rhamnoides)" /><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"></div>Common sea buckthorn</div></div></div><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Products">Products</span></h3><p>Sea buckthorn berries are edible and nutritious, though<span> </span>astringent,<span> </span>sour, and oily<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"></sup><span> </span>unless 'bletted' (frosted<span> </span>to reduce the astringency) and/or mixed as a drink with sweeter substances such as<span> </span>apple<span> </span>or<span> </span>grape<span> </span>juice. Additionally,<span> </span>malolactic fermentation<span> </span>of sea buckthorn juice reduces sourness, enhancing its sensory properties. The mechanism behind this change is transformation of<span> </span>malic acid<span> </span>into<span> </span>lactic acid<span> </span>in microbial metabolism.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"></sup></p><p>When the berries are pressed, the resulting sea buckthorn juice separates into three layers: on top is a thick, orange cream; in the middle, a layer containing sea buckthorn's characteristic high content of saturated and<span> </span>polyunsaturated fats; and the bottom layer is<span> </span>sediment<span> </span>and juice.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_4-8" class="reference"></sup><sup id="cite_ref-seglina_14-0" class="reference"></sup><span> </span>Containing fat sources applicable for cosmetic purposes, the upper two layers can be processed for skin creams and<span> </span>liniments, whereas the bottom layer can be used for edible products such as<span> </span>syrup.<sup id="cite_ref-seglina_14-1" class="reference"></sup></p><p>Besides juice, sea buckthorn fruit can be used to make<span> </span>pies,<span> </span>jams,<span> </span>lotions,<span> </span>teas,<span> </span>fruit wines, and<span> </span>liquors.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_4-9" class="reference">[4]</sup><span> </span>The juice or pulp has other potential applications in foods, beverages, or cosmetics products.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_4-10" class="reference">[4]</sup><span> </span>Fruit drinks were among the earliest sea buckthorn products developed in China. Sea buckthorn-based juice is common in<span> </span>Germany<span> </span>and<span> </span>Scandinavian countries. It provides a beverage rich in<span> </span>vitamin C<span> </span>and<span> </span>carotenoids.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_4-11" class="reference"></sup></p><p>For its troops confronting low winter temperatures (see<span> </span>Siachen), India's<span> </span>Defence Research Development Organization<span> </span>established a factory in<span> </span>Leh<span> </span>to manufacture a multivitamin herbal beverage based on sea buckthorn juice.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"></sup></p><p>The seed and pulp oils have nutritional properties that vary under different processing methods.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference">[16]</sup><span> </span>Sea buckthorn oils<span> </span>are used as a source for ingredients in several commercially available<span> </span>cosmetic<span> </span>products and<span> </span>nutritional supplements.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_4-12" class="reference"></sup></p><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Landscape_uses">Landscape uses</span></h3><p>Sea buckthorn may be used as a<span> </span>landscaping<span> </span>shrub with an aggressive<span> </span>basal shoot<span> </span>system used for barrier hedges and windbreaks, and to stabilize riverbanks and steep slopes.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_4-13" class="reference">[4]</sup><span> </span>They have value in northern climates for their landscape qualities, as the colorful berry clusters are retained through winter.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_4-14" class="reference">[4]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-li01_5-1" class="reference">[5]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference">[17]</sup><span> </span>Branches may be used by florists for designing ornaments.</p><p>In northwestern China, sea buckthorn shrubs have been planted on the bottoms of dry riverbeds to increase water retention of the soil, thus decreasing sediment loss.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_4-15" class="reference">[4]</sup><span> </span>Because of increased moisture conservation of the soil and nitrogen-fixing capabilities of sea buckthorn, vegetation levels have increased in areas where sea buckthorn have been planted.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference">[18]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference">[19]</sup><span> </span>Sea buckthorn was once distributed free of charge to Canadian prairie farmers by<span> </span>PFRA<span> </span>to be used in<span> </span>shelterbelts.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference">[20]</sup></p><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Folk_medicine_and_research">Folk medicine and research</span></h2><p>Sea buckthorn has been used over centuries in traditional medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_4-16" class="reference">[4]</sup><span> </span>Although seabuckthorn fruit<span> </span>extracts<span> </span>are under preliminary research for their<span> </span>pharmacological<span> </span>effects, there is no<span> </span>high-quality clinical evidence<span> </span>for the ability of<span> </span><i>Hippophae</i><span> </span>products to lower the risk of human diseases,<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_21-0" class="reference">[21]</sup><span> </span>and are not approved as<span> </span>prescription drugs<span> </span>by any national<span> </span>regulatory agency, as of 2019. Berry oil from seeds or fruit pulp, either taken orally as a<span> </span>dietary supplement<span> </span>or applied<span> </span>topically, is believed to be a skin softener or medicine, but there is inadequate clinical evidence of its effectiveness.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_21-1" class="reference">[21]</sup><span> </span>There have been no systematic studies of<span> </span>toxicity<span> </span>and safety for any<span> </span><i>Hippophae</i><span> </span>product.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_21-2" class="reference">[21]</sup><span> </span>The fruit of sea buckthorn contains very high amounts of oxalic acid, as well as small amounts of vitamin B12, which is rare in plants.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference">[22]</sup></p><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Organizations">Organizations</span></h2><p>In 2005, the "EAN-Seabuck" network between<span> </span>European Union<span> </span>states, China, Russia and<span> </span>New Independent States<span> </span>was funded by the<span> </span>European Commission<span> </span>to promote sustainable crop and consumer product development. In Mongolia, there is an active National Association of Seabuckthorn Cultivators and Producers.</p><p>The International Seabuckthorn Association, formerly the International Center for Research and Training on Seabuckthorn (ICRTS), was formed jointly in 1988 by the China Research and Training Center on Seabuckthorn, the Seabuckthorn Office of the Yellow River Water Commission, and the Shaanxi Seabuckthorn Development Office. From 1995 to 2000, ICRTS published the research journal,<span> </span><i>Hippophae</i>, which appears to be no longer active.</p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" width="100%" valign="top"><p><span style="color:#008000;"><strong>Sowing Instructions</strong></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"><p><span style="color:#008000;"><strong>Propagation:</strong></span></p></td><td valign="top"><p><span style="color:#008000;">Seeds</span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"><p><span style="color:#008000;"><strong>Pretreat:</strong></span></p></td><td valign="top"><p><span style="color:#008000;">soak in water for 24 hours</span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"><p><span style="color:#008000;"><strong>Stratification:</strong></span></p></td><td valign="top"><p><span style="color:#008000;">3 months in moist sowing mix at 2-5 ° C refrigerator</span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"><p><span style="color:#008000;"><strong>Sowing Time:</strong></span></p></td><td valign="top"><p><span style="color:#008000;">all year round</span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"><p><span style="color:#008000;"><strong>Sowing Depth:</strong></span></p></td><td valign="top"><p><span style="color:#008000;">1 cm</span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"><p><span style="color:#008000;"><strong>Sowing Mix:</strong></span></p></td><td valign="top"><p><span style="color:#008000;">Coir or sowing mix + sand or perlite</span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"><p><span style="color:#008000;"><strong>Germination temperature:</strong></span></p></td><td valign="top"><p><span style="color:#008000;">min. 20 ° C</span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"><p><span style="color:#008000;"><strong>Location:</strong></span></p></td><td valign="top"><p><span style="color:#008000;">bright + keep constantly moist not wet</span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"><p><span style="color:#008000;"><strong>Germination Time:</strong></span></p></td><td valign="top"><p><span style="color:#008000;">until it germinates </span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"><p><span style="color:#008000;"><strong>Watering:</strong></span></p></td><td valign="top"><p><span style="color:#008000;">Water regularly during the growing season</span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" nowrap="nowrap"><p><span style="color:#008000;"><strong> </strong></span></p></td><td valign="top"><p><br /><span style="color:#008000;"><em>Copyright © 2012 Seeds Gallery - Saatgut Galerie - Galerija semena. </em><em>All Rights Reserved.</em></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table>
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