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Aleppo eiken zaden (Quercus...

€ 9,95 SKU: T 90

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<h2>Aleppo eiken zaden (Quercus infectoria)</h2> <h2>Prijs voor een pakket van 5 zaden.</h2> Quercus infectoria, de Aleppo-eik, is een eikensoort met gallen die in Azië al eeuwenlang medicinaal worden gebruikt. Manjakani is de naam die in Maleisië wordt gebruikt voor de gallen; deze worden al eeuwenlang gebruikt bij het verzachten van leer en bij het maken van zwarte kleurstof en inkt. In India worden de gallen onder vele andere namen majuphal genoemd. Quercus infectoria is een kleine boom afkomstig uit Griekenland en Klein-Azië, met een hoogte van één tot twee meter. De stengels zijn krom, struikachtig met gladde en heldergroene bladeren die gedragen worden op korte bladstelen van 3 tot 4 cm lang. De bladeren zijn bot mucronaat, rond, glad, ongelijk aan de basis en glanzend aan de bovenkant. De gallen ontstaan op jonge takken van de Quercus infectoria-boom wanneer galwespen de eik steken en hun larven afzetten. De chemische reactie veroorzaakt een afwijking in de eik waardoor harde ballen worden gevormd. Ze hebben een gegolfd uiterlijk. Quercus infectoria kan worden gebruikt als verdikkingsmiddel in stoofschotels of gemengd met granen voor het maken van brood. Ook bekend als Majuphal in de traditionele Indiase geneeskunde, wordt manjakani gebruikt als tandpoeder en bij de behandeling van kiespijn en gingivitis. De zogenaamde "Aleppo-tannine" is looizuur dat wordt gewonnen uit Aleppo-eikengallen, dat unieke chemische eigenschappen vertoont die essentieel zijn bij de bereiding van gouden sols (colloïden) die worden gebruikt als markers in de immunocytochemie. Tegenwoordig worden galnoot-extracten ook veel gebruikt in geneesmiddelen, voedings- en diervoederadditieven, kleurstoffen, inkten en metallurgie. Majuphal Manjakani is een van de sterkste natuurlijke kruiden in de Ayurveda en is populair vanwege zijn weefselverstrakking bij vrouwen en het wordt kort na de geboorte gebruikt als een beschermend kruid voor zuigelingen. Majuphal Manjakani wordt beschouwd als de beste remedie tegen vaginale of baarmoederverzakking, abnormale baarmoederbloeding, abnormale vaginale afscheiding en leukorroe. Majuphal Manjakani voor urineweginfectie, Majuphal Manjakani helpt bij het verlichten van urineweginfecties. Zijn adstringerende eigenschap helpt infecties in de urinewegen te overwinnen, naast het genezen van de beschadigingen in weefsels en het verjongen van de gezondheid van de huid en weefsels in de vagina. Het inwendig consumeren wordt samen met andere kruiden aanbevolen om effectief te zijn, maar door zijn samentrekkende eigenschap is het de beste oplossing voor uitwendige reiniging om zweren en weefselschade in de vagina te verwijderen. Majuphal Manjakani Gebruik voor het aanhalen van de vagina, Majuphal Manjakani heeft veel toepassingen en gezondheidsvoordelen voor vrouwen. Het heeft een huid- en weefselverstrakkingseigenschap. Majuphal Manjakani wordt beschouwd als de beste remedie tegen vaginale of baarmoederverzakking, abnormale baarmoederbloeding, abnormale vaginale afscheiding, leukorroe. Het gebruik ervan als een actuele aanvrager in de vorm van een pasta of zijn poedervormige oplossing die wordt gebruikt in de wasverzorgingsroutine, helpt weefsels te genezen en verzakkingstoestanden snel te overwinnen. Het wordt samen met andere kruiden gebruikt en na de bevalling aan vrouwen gegeven om de elasticiteit van de baarmoederwand te herstellen. De natuurlijke samentrekkende eigenschap herstelt de gezondheid, de tonus en de kracht van de vagina, wat zal resulteren in betere en aangenamere seks en een toename van seksuele sensaties en genot voor zowel de vrouw als haar partner. Majuphal Manjakani staat bekend als "kruidenmagie" en bevat rijk aan tannines om vaginale spieren aan te spannen, vitamine A en C, calcium, proteïne, en bevat een samentrekkend element om de bacteriën te elimineren die vaginale afscheiding veroorzaken, en het verhogen van de dichtheid en het helpt verder te voorkomen vaginale veroudering die het gevolg is van vruchtbaarheid, uw leeftijd, uw seksuele partners door de jaren heen en algehele gezondheid.<script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

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Castor Bean Seeds (Ricinus...

€ 1,85 SKU: MHS 125

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<h2 class="">Castor Bean Seeds (Ricinus Communis)</h2> <h2>Price for Package of 15 seeds.</h2> Ricinus communis, the castor bean or castor oil plant, is a species of perennial flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is the sole species in the monotypicgenus, Ricinus, and subtribe, Ricininae. The evolution of castor and its relation to other species are currently being studied using modern genetic tools. It reproduces with a mixed pollination system which favors selfing by geitonogamy but at the same time can be an out-crosser by anemophily (wind pollination) or entomophily (insect pollination). <div> Its seed is the castor bean, which, despite its name, is not a true bean. Castor is indigenous to the southeastern Mediterranean Basin, Eastern Africa, and India, but is widespread throughout tropical regions (and widely grown elsewhere as an ornamental plant).[5] Castor seed is the source of castor oil, which has a wide variety of uses. The seeds contain between 40% and 60% oil that is rich in triglycerides, mainly ricinolein. The seed also contains ricin, a water-soluble toxin, which is also present in lower concentrations throughout the plant. An unrelated plant species, Fatsia japonica (false castor oil plant), is similar in appearance but is from Japan. <h2>Nomenclature</h2> The name Ricinus is a Latin word for tick; the seed is so named because it has markings and a bump at the end that resemble certain ticks. The genus Ricinus [6] also exists in zoology, and designates insects (not ticks) which are parasites of birds; this is possible because the names of animals and plants are governed by different nomenclature codes.[citation needed] The common name "castor oil" probably comes from its use as a replacement for castoreum, a perfume base made from the dried perineal glands of the beaver (castor in Latin).[7]It has another common name, palm of Christ, or Palma Christi, that derives from castor oil's reputed ability to heal wounds and cure ailments. <h2>Description</h2> Ricinus communis can vary greatly in its growth habit and appearance. The variability has been increased by breeders who have selected a range of cultivars for leaf and flower colours, and for oil production. It is a fast-growing, suckering shrub that can reach the size of a small tree, around 12 m (39 ft), but it is not cold hardy. The glossy leaves are 15–45 cm (5.9–17.7 in) long, long-stalked, alternate and palmate with five to twelve deep lobes with coarsely toothed segments. In some varieties they start off dark reddish purple or bronze when young, gradually changing to a dark green, sometimes with a reddish tinge, as they mature. The leaves of some other varieties are green practically from the start, whereas in yet others a pigment masks the green color of all the chlorophyll-bearing parts, leaves, stems and young fruit, so that they remain a dramatic purple-to-reddish-brown throughout the life of the plant. Plants with the dark leaves can be found growing next to those with green leaves, so there is most likely only a single gene controlling the production of the pigment in some varieties.[8] The stems and the spherical, spiny seed capsules also vary in pigmentation. The fruit capsules of some varieties are more showy than the flowers. <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Castor_oil_plant_seeds.jpg/220px-Castor_oil_plant_seeds.jpg" width="220" height="129" class="thumbimage" /> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"></div> The green capsule dries and splits into three sections, forcibly ejecting seeds</div> </div> </div> The flowers lack petals and are unisexual (male and female) where both types are borne on the same plant (monoecious) in terminal panicle-like inflorescences of green or, in some varieties, shades of red. The male flowers are numerous, yellowish-green with prominent creamy stamens; the female flowers, borne at the tips of the spikes, lie within the immature spiny capsules, are relatively few in number and have prominent red stigmas.[9] The fruit is a spiny, greenish (to reddish-purple) capsule containing large, oval, shiny, bean-like, highly poisonous seeds with variable brownish mottling. Castor seeds have a warty appendage called the caruncle, which is a type of elaiosome. The caruncle promotes the dispersal of the seed by ants (myrmecochory). <h2>Medicinal uses</h2> Castor oil has many uses in medicine and other applications. An alcoholic extract of the leaf was shown, in lab rats, to protect the liver from damage from certain poisons.[10][11][12] Methanolic extracts of the leaves of Ricinus communis were used in antimicrobial testing against eight pathogenic bacteria in rats and showed antimicrobial properties. The pericarp of Ricinus showed central nervous system effects in mice at low doses. At high doses mice quickly died.[13] A water extract of the root bark showed analgesic activity in rats.[13] Antihistamine and anti-inflammatory properties were found in ethanolic extract of Ricinus communis root bark.[14] <h2>Other uses</h2> Extract of Ricinus communis exhibited acaricidal and insecticidal activities against the adult of Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann (Acarina: Ixodidae) and hematophagous fly Hippobosca maculata Leach (Diptera: Hippoboscidae).[15] The Bodo tribals of Bodoland in Assam, India, use the leaves of this plant to feed and rear the larvae of muga and endi silkworms. Castor oil is an effective motor lubricant and has been used in internal combustion engines, including those of World War I airplanes, some racing cars and some model airplanes. It has historically been popular for lubricating two-stroke engines due to high resistance to heat compared to petroleum-based oils. It does not mix well with petroleum products, particularly at low temperatures, but mixes better with the methanol based fuels used in glow model engines. In total-loss-lubrication applications, it tends to leave carbon deposits and varnish within the engine. It has been largely replaced by synthetic oils that are more stable and less toxic. Jewelry is often made of castor beans, particularly necklaces and bracelets.[16] <h2>Habitat, growth and horticultural uses</h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ricinus_communis4.jpg/220px-Ricinus_communis4.jpg" width="220" height="328" class="thumbimage" /> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"></div> In Greece it is hardy enough to grow as a small tree. In northern countries it is grown instead as an annual.</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Castor_bean_young_with_teething_leaves.jpg/220px-Castor_bean_young_with_teething_leaves.jpg" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" /> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"></div> Cotyledons (round) and first true leaves (serrated) on a young plant. This plant is about four weeks old.</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ricin_commun.jpg/220px-Ricin_commun.jpg" width="220" height="249" class="thumbimage" /> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"></div> young plant</div> </div> </div> Although Ricinus communis is indigenous to the southeastern Mediterranean Basin, Eastern Africa, and India, today it is widespread throughout tropical regions.[5] In areas with a suitable climate, castor establishes itself easily where it can become an invasive plant and can often be found on wasteland. It is also used extensively as a decorative plant in parks and other public areas, particularly as a "dot plant" in traditional bedding schemes. If sown early, under glass, and kept at a temperature of around 20 °C (68 °F) until planted out, the castor oil plant can reach a height of 2–3 metres (6.6–9.8 ft) in a year. In areas prone to frost it is usually shorter, and grown as if it were an annual.[5] However, it can grow well outdoors in cooler climates, at least in southern England, and the leaves do not appear to suffer frost damage in sheltered spots, where it remains evergreen.[citation needed] It was used in Edwardian times in the parks of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Although not cultivated there, the plant grows wild in Southern California, notably Griffith Park in Los Angeles.[17] <h3>Cultivars</h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Leaf_of_Castor_bean_plant.jpg/220px-Leaf_of_Castor_bean_plant.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" /> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"></div> Leaf</div> </div> </div> Selections have been made by breeders for use as ornamental plants (heights refer to plants grown as annuals) and for commercial production of castor oil.[9] <dl> <dt>Ornamental cultivars</dt> </dl> <ul> <li>'Carmencita' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit[18][19]</li> <li>'Carmencita Bright Red' has red stems, dark purplish leaves and red seed pods;</li> <li>'Carmencita Pink' has green leaves and pink seed pods</li> <li>'Gibsonii' has red-tinged leaves with reddish veins and bright scarlet seed pods</li> <li>'New Zealand Purple' has plum colored leaves tinged with red, plum colored seed pods turn to red as they ripen <dl> <dd>(All the above grow to around 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) tall as annuals.)[5]</dd> </dl> </li> <li>'Impala' is compact (only 1.2 metres or 3.9 feet tall) with reddish foliage and stems, brightest on the young shoots</li> <li>'Red Spire' is tall (2–3 metres or 6.6–9.8 feet) with red stems and bronze foliage</li> <li>'Zanzibarensis' is also tall (2–3 metres or 6.6–9.8 feet), with large, mid-green leaves (50 centimetres or 20 inches long) that have white midribs[9]</li> </ul> Cultivars for oil production: <ul> <li>'Hale' was launched in the 1970s for the State of Texas.[20] It is short (up to 1.2 m or 3 ft 11 in) and has several racemes</li> <li>'Brigham' is a variety with reduced ricin content adapted for Texas. It grows up to 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) and has 10% of the ricin content of 'Hale'</li> <li>'BRS Nordestina' was developed by Brazil's Embrapa in 1990 for hand harvest and semi-arid environments</li> <li>'BRS Energia" was developed by Embrapa in 2004 for mechanised or hand harvest</li> <li>'GCH6' was developed by Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada University, India, 2004: it is resistant to root rot and tolerant to fusarium wilt</li> <li>'GCH5' was developed by Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada University, 1995. It is resistant to fusarium wilt</li> <li>'Abaro' was developed by the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research's Essential Oils Research Center for hand harvest</li> <li>'Hiruy' was developed by the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research's Melkassa and Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Centers for hand harvest during 2010/2011</li> </ul> <h2>Plant-animal interactions</h2> Ricinus communis is the host plant of the common castor butterfly (Ariadne merione), the eri silkmoth (Samia cynthia ricini), and the castor semi-looper moth (Achaea janata). It is also used as a food plant by the larvae of some other species of Lepidoptera, including Hypercompe hambletoni and the nutmeg (Discestra trifolii). <h2>Allergenic potential</h2> Ricinus is extremely allergenic, and has an OPALS allergy scale rating of 10 out of 10. The plant is also a very strong trigger for asthma, and allergies to Ricinus are commonplace and severe.[21] The castor oil plant produces abundant amounts of very light pollen, which easily become airborne and can be inhaled into the lungs, triggering allergic reactions. The sap of the plant causes skin rashes. Individuals who are allergic to the plant can also develop rashes from merely touching the leaves, flowers, or seeds. These individuals can also have cross-allergic reactions to latex sap from the related Hevea brasiliensis plant.[21] <h2>Toxicity</h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Seeds_of_Ricinus_communis.jpg/220px-Seeds_of_Ricinus_communis.jpg" width="220" height="220" class="thumbimage" /> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"></div> Seeds</div> </div> </div> <div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: Ricin</div> The toxicity of raw castor beans is due to the presence of ricin. Although the lethal dose in adults is considered to be four to eight seeds, reports of actual poisoning are relatively rare.[22] According to the Guinness World Records, this is the world's most poisonous common plant.[23] Symptoms of overdosing on ricin, which can include nausea, diarrhea, tachycardia, hypotension and seizures, persist for up to a week. However, the poison can be extracted from castor by concentrating it with a fairly complicated process similar to that used for extracting cyanide from almonds. If ricin is ingested, symptoms may be delayed by up to 36 hours but commonly begin within 2–4 hours. These include a burning sensation in mouth and throat, abdominal pain, purging and bloody diarrhea. Within several days there is severe dehydration, a drop in blood pressure and a decrease in urine. Unless treated, death can be expected to occur within 3–5 days; however, in most cases a full recovery can be made.[24][25] Poisoning occurs when animals, including humans, ingest broken seeds or break the seed by chewing: intact seeds may pass through the digestive tract without releasing the toxin.[24] The toxin provides the castor oil plant with some degree of natural protection from insect pests such as aphids. Ricin has been investigated for its potential use as an insecticide.[26] The castor oil plant is also the source for undecylenic acid, a natural fungicide. Commercially available cold-pressed castor oil is not toxic to humans in normal doses, either internal or externally.[27] <h2>Chemistry</h2> Three terpenoids and a tocopherol-related compound have been found in the aerial parts of Ricinus. Compounds named (3E,7Z,11E)-19-hydroxycasba-3,7,11-trien-5-one, 6α-hydroxy-10β-methoxy-7α,8α-epoxy-5-oxocasbane-20,10-olide, 15α-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-3-one, and (2R,4aR,8aR)-3,4,4a,8a-tetrahydro-4a-hydroxy-2,6,7,8a-tetramethyl-2-(4,8, 12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-chromene-5,8-dione were isolated from the methanol extracts of Ricinus communis by chromatographic methods.[28] Partitioned h-hexane fraction of Ricinus root methanol extract resulted in enrichment of two triterpenes: lupeol and urs-6-ene-3,16-dione (erandone). Crude methanolic extract, enriched n-hexane fraction and isolates at doses 100 mg/kg p.o. exhibited significant (P < 0.001) anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema model.[29] <h2>Modern commercial usage</h2> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/2006castor_oil_seed.PNG/220px-2006castor_oil_seed.PNG" width="220" height="96" class="thumbimage" /> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"></div> Seed output in 2006</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Castor_bean_in_distubred_area.jpg/220px-Castor_bean_in_distubred_area.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" /> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"></div> Plant in disturbed area</div> </div> </div> <div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: Castor oil</div> Global castor seed production is around two million tons per year. Leading producing areas are India (with over three-quarters of the global yield), China and Mozambique, and it is widely grown as a crop in Ethiopia. There are several active breeding programmes. <div></div> <h3>Production</h3> <table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="100%" class="wikitable" align="left"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="5">Top ten castor oil seed producers – 2013</th> </tr> <tr> <th width="25%" bgcolor="#ddddff">Country</th> <th width="15%" bgcolor="#ddddff">Production (Tonnes)</th> <th width="10%" bgcolor="#ddddff">Footnote</th> </tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" /> India</td> <td align="right">1,744,000</td> <td align="right"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" /> People's Republic of China</td> <td align="right">60,000</td> <td align="right">*</td> </tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" /> Mozambique</td> <td align="right">60,000</td> <td align="right">F</td> </tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" /> Ethiopia</td> <td align="right">13,000</td> <td align="right">*</td> </tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" /> Thailand</td> <td align="right">12,000</td> <td align="right">*</td> </tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" /> Brazil</td> <td align="right">11,953</td> <td align="right"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" width="23" height="13" class="thumbborder" /> Paraguay</td> <td align="right">11,000</td> <td align="right">*</td> </tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" /> South Africa</td> <td align="right">6,200</td> <td align="right">F</td> </tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" /> Pakistan</td> <td align="right">6,000</td> <td align="right">*</td> </tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" /> Vietnam</td> <td align="right">6,000</td> <td align="right">*</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"> World</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc" align="right">1,854,775</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc" align="right">A</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">No symbol = official figure, F = FAO estimate, * = Unofficial/Semi-official/mirror data, A = Aggregate (may include official, semi-official or estimates); Source: Food And Agricultural Organization of United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div></div> <h3>Other modern uses</h3> <ul> <li>Whether natural, blended, or chemically altered, castor oil still has many uses. For example, it remains of commercial importance as a non-freezing, antimicrobial, pressure-resistant lubricant for special purposes, either of latex or metals, or as a lubricating component of fuels.[30]</li> <li>Castor products are sources of various chemical feedstocks.[31]</li> <li>In Brazil, castor oil (locally known as mamona oil) is a raw material for some varieties of biodiesel.</li> <li>In rural areas, the abundant seeds are used by children for slingshot balls, as they have the right weight, size, and hardness.</li> <li>Because castor seeds are attractively patterned, they are popular in low-cost personal adornments, such as non-durable necklaces and bracelets.</li> <li>Castor oil has long been used on the skin to prevent dryness. Either purified or processed, it still is a component of many cosmetics.</li> <li>The high percentage of ricinoleic acid residues in castor oil and its derivatives, inhibits many microbes, whether viral, bacterial or fungal. They accordingly are useful components of many ointments and similar preparations.</li> <li>Castor oil is the major raw material for polyglycerol polyricinoleate, a modifier that improves the flow characteristics of cocoa butter in the manufacture of chocolate bars, and thereby the costs.</li> <li>Castor oil is used in the USA to repel moles and voles for lawn care.</li> </ul> <h2>Historical usage</h2> Castor seeds have been found in Egyptian tombs dating back to 4000 BC; the slow-burning oil was mostly used to fuel lamps. Herodotus and other Greek travellers noted the use of castor seed oil for lighting, body ointments, and improving hair growth and texture. Cleopatra is reputed to have used it to brighten the whites of her eyes. The Ebers Papyrus is an ancient Egyptian medical treatise believed to date from 1552 BC. Translated in 1872, it describes castor oil as a laxative.[32] The use of castor bean oil (eranda) in India has been documented since 2000 BC in lamps and in local medicine as a laxative, purgative, and cathartic in Unani, Ayurvedic, siddha and other ethnomedical systems. Traditional Ayurvedic and siddha medicine considers castor oil the king of medicinals for curing arthritic diseases. It is regularly given to children orally, for de-worming.[citation needed] The ancient Romans had a variety of medicinal/cosmetic uses for both the seeds and the leaves of Ricinus communis. The naturalist Pliny the Elder cited the poisonous qualities of the seeds, but mentioned that they could be used to form wicks for oil lamps (possibly if crushed together), and the oil for use as a laxative and lamp oil.[33] He also recommends the use of the leaves as follows: <blockquote class="templatequote"> "The leaves are applied topically with vinegar for erysipelas, and fresh-gathered, they are used by themselves for diseases of the mamillæ [breasts] and de- fluxions; a decoction of them in wine, with polentaand saffron, is good for inflammations of various kinds. Boiled by themselves, and applied to the face for three successive days, they improve the complexion."[34] </blockquote> In Haiti it is called maskreti,[35] where the plant is turned into a red oil that is then given to newborns as a purgative to cleanse the insides of their first stools.[36] Castor seed and its oil have also been used in China for centuries, mainly prescribed in local medicine for internal use or use in dressings. Castor oil was used as an instrument of coercion by the paramilitary Blackshirts under the regime of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, as well as by the Spanish Civil Guard in Francoist Spain. Dissidents and regime opponents were forced to ingest the oil in large amounts, triggering severe diarrhea and dehydration, which could ultimately cause death. This punishment method was originally thought of by Gabriele D'Annunzio, the Italian poet and Fascist supporter, during the First World War. (See also: Castor oil's use as a means of intimidation in Fascist Italy) </div> <script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

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Cluster fig Seeds (Ficus...

€ 2,10 SKU: V 19 FR

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5/ 5

<h2 class="">Cluster fig Seeds (Ficus racemose)</h2> <h2>Price for Package of 10 seeds.</h2> Ficus racemosa (syn. Ficus glomerata Roxb.) is a species of plant in the family Moraceae. Popularly known as the cluster fig tree, Indian fig tree or goolar (gular) fig, this is native to Australia, Malesia, Indo-China, and the Indian subcontinent. It is unusual in that its figs grow on or close to the tree trunk, termed cauliflory. In India, the tree and its fruit are called gular in the north and atti in the south. The fruits are a favourite staple of the common Indian macaque. It serves as a food plant for the caterpillars of the two-brand crow butterfly (Euploea sylvester) of northern Australia. In Hinduism In the Atharva Veda, this fig tree (Sanskrit: uḍumbara or udumbara)[2] is given prominence as a means for acquiring prosperity and vanquishing foes.[3] For instance, regarding an amulet of the udumbara tree, a hymn (AV xix,31) extols: The Lord of amulets art thou, most mighty: in the wealth's ruler that engendered riches, These gains are lodged in the, and all great treasures. Amulet, conquer thou: far from us banish malignity and indigence, and hunger. Vigour art thou, in me do thou plant vigour: riches art thou, so do thou grant me riches. Plenty art thou, so prosper me with plenty: House-holder, hear a householder's petition.[4] It has been described in the story of Raja Harischandra of the Ikshvaku dynasty, that the crown was a branch of this udumbura tree, set in a circlet of gold. Additionally, the throne (simhasana) was constructed out of this wood and the royal personage would ascend it on his knee, chanting to the gods to ascend it with him, which they did so, albeit unseen. Its leaves are an indispensable part of many Hindu havans. In Buddhism Both the tree and the flower are referred to as the udumbara (Sanskrit, Pali; Devanagari: उडुम्बर) in Buddhism.[5] Udumbara can also refer to the blue lotus (nila-udumbara, "blue udumbara") flower. The udumbara flower appears in chapters 2 and 27 of the Lotus Sutra, an important Mahayana Buddhist text. The Japanese word udon-ge (優曇華, literally "udon/udumbara flower") was used by Dōgen Zenji to refer to the flower of the udumbara tree in chapter 68 of the Shōbōgenzō ("Treasury of the Eye of the True Dharma"). Dōgen places the udonge in the context of the Flower Sermon given by Gautama Buddha on Vulture Peak. Udonge is also used to refer to the eggs of the lacewing insect. The eggs are laid in a pattern similar to a flower, and its shape is used for divination in Asian fortune telling. In Theravada Buddhism, the plant is said to have used as the tree for achieved enlightenment (bodhi) by the 26th Lord Buddha, Konaagama (Sinhala: කෝණාගම). Uses The Ovambo people call the fruit of the cluster fig eenghwiyu and use it to distill ombike, their traditional liquor. Health uses The bark of audumbar (oudumbar) tree is said to have healing power. In countries like India, the bark is rubbed on a stone with water to make a paste, which can be applied over afflicted by boils or mosquito bites. Allow the paste to dry on the skin and reapply after a few hours. For people whose skin is especially sensitive to insect bites, this is a very simple home remedy.<script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

V 19 FR (10 S)

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This plant is medicinal plant

Ayurveda Plant

Orchideeënboom zaden...

€ 1,25 SKU: T 91

Seeds Gallery Com,

5/ 5

<h2 class="">Orchideeënboom zaden (Bauhinia variegata)</h2> <h2>Prijs voor Pakket van 5 zaden.</h2> De Orchideeënboom in Hong Kong, in het Latijn bekend als Bauhinia Blakeana, is een van de meer onderscheidende vaste planten die we zo laat in een tuincentrum tegen kunnen komen. In gematigde klimaten wordt het voornamelijk in potten binnenshuis gekweekt. De Hong Kong Orchid Tree heeft grote bloemen die tot 10 centimeter groot kunnen worden. De prachtige bloemen lijken duidelijk op een orchidee. Ze hebben een intensieve roze kleur en hebben een uitzonderlijk aangename geur. Hoe is het ontkiemd? Gemakkelijk. Zaai de zaden, die je 24 uur in vers water op kamertemperatuur hebt bewaard, in vochtige, met tof gevulde potten 3 keer dieper dan het zaad en geef ze water. Wacht tot het ontkiemt door de grond vochtig te houden in een warme omgeving zonder directe zon tot ontkieming optreedt. Onder de juiste omstandigheden zal de kieming zeker binnen 21-30 dagen plaatsvinden. De kiemtemperatuur ligt tussen de 18-22 graden. Vermijd hogere of lagere temperaturen. * Het maken van een klein gaatje in de schil door een inkeping aan één kant van het zaadje te maken zodat het zaadje tijdens het wachten in het water gemakkelijk water kan opnemen, gaat sneller en makkelijker. Zorg en andere informatie Het kan zich gemakkelijk aanpassen aan veel grondsoorten. Het wordt geplant van volle zon tot halfschaduw, afhankelijk van de regio. Het kan groeien op klei- en kalkrijke bodems. Het ontwikkelt zich in bodems met een pH die bijna neutraal is, die verandert van zuur naar alkalisch, idealiter bij 6-8 Ph. Waar wordt het gekweekt? Lichte vorsttolerante buitenplant. Geschikt voor bonsai toepassingen. Het vertoont een matige groei. <script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

T 91 (5 S)

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Pepino Dulce, Melon Pear...

€ 2,95 SKU: V 59

Seeds Gallery Com,

5/ 5

<h2>Pepino Dulce, Melon Pear Seeds (Solanum muricatum)</h2> <h3>Price for Package of 5 seeds.</h3> Solanum muricatum is a species of evergreen shrub native to South America and grown for its sweet edible fruit. It is known as pepino dulce ("sweet pepino") or simply pepino; the latter is also used for similar species such as "S. mucronatum" (which actually seems to belong in the related genus Lycianthes). The pepino dulce fruit resembles a melon (Cucumis melo) in color, and its flavor recalls a succulent mixture of honeydew and cucumber, and thus it is also sometimes called pepino melon or melon pear, but pepinos are only very distantly related to melons and pears. Another common name, "tree melon", is more often used for the Papaya (Carica papaya) and the pepino dulce plant does generally not look much like a tree. The present species is, however, a close relative of other nightshades cultivated for their fruit, including the tomato (S. lycopersicum) and the eggplant (S. melongena), which its own fruit closely resembles. The fruit is common in markets in Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Chile, but less often overseas because it is quite sensitive to handling and does not travel well. Attempts to produce commercial cultivars and to export the fruit have been made in New Zealand, Turkey and Chile. Distribution and habitat The pepino dulce is presumed to be native to the temperate Andean regions of Colombia, Peru and Chile, though it is not known in the wild and the details of its domestication are unknown.Thepepino is a domesticated native of the Andes. Cultivation Moche clay vessel with pepino decoration (Larco Museum) Pepinos are not often found archaeologically as they are soft and pulpy and not easy to preserve, while their tough seeds are small and easily lost among debris. But they were already described by early Spanish chroniclers as being cultivated on the coast; the Moche Valley in Peru was particularly famous for them. They were a popular decorative motif in Moche art. In the United States the fruit is known to have been grown in San Diego before 1889 and in Santa Barbara by 1897. More commercially viable cultivars were introduced from New Zealand and elsewhere towards the end of the 20th century, leading to its introduction into up-scale markets in Japan, Europe and North America. The pepino dulce is relatively hardy. In its native range it grows at altitudes ranging from close to sea level up to 3,000 m (10,000 ft.). However, it performs best in a warm, relatively frost-free climate. The plant can survive a low temperature of -2.5°C (27 to 28°F) if the freeze is not prolonged, though it may drop many of its leaves.[2] The species is a perennial, but its sensitivity to chilling, pests, and diseases force the growers to replant the crop every year. The crop also adapts well to greenhouse cultivation, training the plants up to 2 m tall, and obtaining yields that are 2-3 times larger than those obtained outdoors. They are propagated by cuttings since they are established easily without rooting hormones. It is grown in a manner similar to its relatives such as the tomato, though it grows naturally upright by habit and can thus be cultivated as a free-standing bush, though it is sometimes pruned on trellises. Additionally, supports are sometimes used to keep the weight of the fruit from pulling the plant down. It has a fast growth rate and bears fruit within 4 to 6 months after planting. It is a perennial, but is usually cultivated as an annual. Seedlings are intolerant of weeds, but it can later easily compete with low growing weeds. Like their relatives tomatoes, eggplants, tomatillos and tamarillos, pepinos are extremely attractive to beetles, aphids, white flies and spider mites. Pepinos are tolerant of most soil types, but require constant moisture for good fruit production. Established bushes show some tolerance to drought stress, but this typically affects yield. The plants are parthenocarpic, meaning it needs no pollination to set fruit, though pollination will encourage fruiting. Ripe pepinos The plant is grown primarily in Chile, New Zealand and Western Australia. In Chile, more than 400 hectares are planted in the Longotoma Valley with an increasing proportion of the harvest being exported. Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador also grow the plant, but on a more local scale. Outside of the Andean region, it been grown in various countries of Central America, Morocco, Spain, Israel, and the highlands of Kenya. In the United States several hundred hectares of the fruit are grown on a small scale in Hawaii and California. More commercially viable cultivars have been introduced from New Zealand and elsewhere in more recent times. As a result, the fruit has been introduced into up-scale markets in Japan, Europe and North America and it is slowly becoming less obscure outside of South America. Delicate and mild-flavored, pepinos are often eaten as a fresh snack fruit, though they combine very well with a number of other fruits as well. The study of the molecular variation of this pepino is of interest for several reasons. Although the seeds of pepino plants are fertile and produce vigorous offspring, this crop is primarily propagated by cuttings (Heiser, 1964; Anderson, 1979; Morley-Bunker, 1983), and as a consequence, its genetic structure could be different from that of seed-propagated crops. <script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

V 59 5S

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This plant is resistant to winter and frost.

Atemoya zaden (Annona ×...

€ 5,95 SKU: V 10 AAC

Seeds Gallery Com,

5/ 5

<h2>Atemoya-zaden (Annona × cherimoya)</h2> <h2>Prijs voor Pakket van 3 zaden.</h2> De atemoya (Annona ×atemoya) is een kruising tussen de cherimoya (Annona cherimola) en de zoetzak (Annona squamosa), die in 1908 in Miami (Florida) is ontstaan. Het is een tot 9 meter hoge, groenblijvende boom met korte stam en overhangende takken. De afwisselend geplaatste bladeren zijn ovaal, leerachtig, 12-15 cm lang en tot 7 cm breed. De langgesteelde, gele bloemen zijn 5 cm breed. De vruchten zijn hartvormig, 10 cm lang en 10 cm breed. De schil is bezet met wratachtige uitsteeksels, die uitgesprokener zijn dan bij de zoetzak. Het vruchtvlees is roomwit en vast van structuur. De smaak is zoetzuur aromatisch en lijkt op die van de cherimoya. De atemoya wordt gekweekt in het zuiden van de Verenigde Staten en in Australië. De atemoya, Annona × cherimoya of Annona squamosa × Annona cherimola is een hybride van twee vruchten - de suikerappel (Annona squamosa) en de cherimoya (Annona cherimola) - die beide inheems zijn in de Amerikaanse tropen. Deze vrucht is populair in Taiwan, waar hij bekend staat als de "ananassuikerappel" (鳳梨釋迦), en daarom wordt soms ten onrechte aangenomen dat het een kruising is tussen de suikerappel en de ananas. In Cuba staat het bekend als anón en in Venezuela chirimorinon. In Israël en Libanon wordt de vrucht achta genoemd, maar in Israël is het gebruikelijker om de vrucht Annona als Latijn te noemen. In Tanzania wordt het stafeli dogo ("mini zuurzak") genoemd. In Brazilië werd de atemoya populair en in 2011 werd in Brazilië ongeveer 1.200 hectare atemoia verbouwd. Een atemoya is normaal gesproken hartvormig of afgerond, met een lichtgroene, gemakkelijk gekneusde, hobbelige huid. Bij de stengel is de schil hobbelig zoals bij de suikerappel, maar wordt gladder als de cherimoya op de bodem. Het vruchtvlees is niet gesegmenteerd zoals dat van de suikerappel en vertoont meer gelijkenis met dat van de cherimoya. Het is zeer sappig en zacht, smaakt licht zoet en een beetje scherp, die doet denken aan een piña colada. De smaak lijkt ook op vanille van de suikerappelouder.[3] Veel oneetbare, giftige, zwarte zaden zijn te vinden in het vlees van de atemoya. Als het fruit rijp is, kan het uit de schaal worden geschept en gekoeld worden gegeten. Atemoya (Annona cherimola × squamosa) is ontwikkeld door cherimoya (A. cherimola) te kruisen met suikerappel (A. squamosa). Natuurlijke hybriden zijn gevonden in Venezuela en toevallige hybriden werden opgemerkt in aangrenzende suikerappel- en cherimoya-boomgaarden in Israël in de jaren dertig en veertig van de vorige eeuw. De eerste kruising werd in 1908 gemaakt door P.J. Wester, een tuinder in het subtropische laboratorium van de USDA in Miami. De resulterende vruchten waren van superieure kwaliteit voor de suikerappel en kregen de naam "atemoya", een combinatie van at, een oude Mexicaanse naam voor suikerappel, en "moya" van cherimoya. Vervolgens, in 1917, kweekte Edward Simmons op het Plant Introduction Station in Miami met succes hybriden die een temperatuurdaling tot 26,5 ° F (-3,1 ° C) overleefden, wat de winterhardheid van atemoya aantoonde die afkomstig was van een van zijn ouders, de cherimoya. De atemoya draagt, net als andere Annona-bomen, protogynische, hermafrodiete bloemen en zelfbestuiving is zeldzaam. Daarom garandeert kunstmatige, handbestuiving bijna altijd vruchten van superieure kwaliteit. Eén soort, 'Geffner', produceert goed zonder handbestuiving. 'Bradley' produceert ook eerlijke gewassen zonder handbestuiving, maar de vrucht heeft de gewoonte om aan de boom te splijten.[6] Atemoya's zijn soms misvormd, aan één kant onderontwikkeld, als gevolg van onvoldoende bestuiving. [nodig citaat] Een atemoya-bloem, in zijn vrouwelijk stadium, opent tussen 14.00 en 16.00 uur; de volgende middag tussen 15.00 uur en 17.00 uur verandert de bloem in het mannelijke stadium.<script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

V 10 AAC (3 S)

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Wisselbloem Zaden (Lantana...

€ 1,95 SKU: MHS 59

Seeds Gallery Com,

5/ 5

<h2 class="">Wisselbloem Zaden (Lantana camara)</h2> <h2>Prijs voor Pakket van 10 zaden</h2> De wisselbloem (Lantana camara) is een plant uit de ijzerhardfamilie (Verbenaceae). De wetenschappelijke naam kreeg de soort in 1753 van Linnaeus.[1] De naam camara nam hij over van Charles Plumier, die die naam als geslachtsnaam gaf aan enkele soorten,[2] waarvan Linnaeus er een, "Camara trifolia, purpurascente flore", als Lantana trifolia, overnam. Voor de naam "Camara" verwijst Plumier op zijn beurt naar Georg Markgraf, die vermeldde dat 'camara' de lokale naam in Brazilië was. <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;">Kenmerken</h2> Het is een weinig verhoute, tot 3 m hoge halfheester die op sommige plekken met kromme stekels is bezet. De twijgen zijn vierkantig. De tegenoverstaande, iets gerimpelde bladeren zijn eirond, gezaagd, ruwharig en 4-10 cm lang. Bij kneuzing hebben de bladeren een sterke, door sommigen als onaangenaam ervaren geur. De bloemen groeien in 3-5 cm brede, meerkleurige bloemhoofdjes. De buitenste bloemen zijn roze, oranje of rood. Ze hebben een tot 2 cm lange kroonbuis en een 0,8-1 cm brede zoom van vijf ongelijke kroonslippen. De middelste bloemen zijn meestal geel, kleiner en regelmatiger van vorm. De vruchten zijn bolvormige, zwarte, 5-7 mm grote steenvruchten De wisselbloem trekt veel vlinders aan, maar is voor andere dieren te giftig. De plant is op veel plaatsen als sierplant ingevoerd, en vormt na verwildering een agressief onkruid, dat alleen met de natuurlijke plaaginsecten is te bestrijden. <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;">Verspreiding</h2> De wisselbloem komt van nature voor van Zuid-Amerika tot Texas. De soort is van daaruit in andere gebieden ingevoerd, en komt nu wereldwijd in de (sub)tropen voor. <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;">Teelt als sierplant</h2> In België en Nederland kan de wisselbloem als kuipplant 's zomers buiten worden gehouden. 's Winters kan de wisselbloem het beste in een koel vertrek in huis, in de oranjerie of in de koude kas worden gehouden. <script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

MHS 59 (10 S)

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Ponytail palm zaden...

€ 1,95 SKU: PS 15

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Jarilla Zaden (Jarilla...

€ 7,95 SKU: V 72

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Tumbo zaden (Passiflora mixta)

€ 3,50 SKU: V 83

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Purgeernoot of schijtnoot...

€ 3,75 SKU: T 92

Seeds Gallery Com,

5/ 5

<h2>Purgeernoot of schijtnoot zaden (Jatropha curcas)</h2> <h2>Prijs voor een pakket van 3 zaden.</h2> De purgeernoot of schijtnoot (Jatropha curcas) is een giftige struik die behoort tot de familie van de wolfsmelkachtigen (Euphorbiaceae). De zaden van de plant leveren jatrophaolie, die als biobrandstof gebruikt kan worden. De struik is gemiddeld 5 m hoog en kan een maximale hoogte van 8 m bereiken. De plant heeft groen tot vaalgroene bladeren. De plant heeft zaden die circa 27-40% olie[1] (gemiddeld: 34,4%[2]) bevatten. De zaden zijn rijp op het moment van verkleuren van groen naar geel. De zaden groeien uit tot vruchten, die meestal in de winter rijp zijn. In sommige gebieden zijn meerdere oogsten per jaar mogelijk. De purgeernoot is van oorsprong afkomstig uit Midden-Amerika. De plant wordt echter in andere gebieden met een (sub)tropisch klimaat aangeplant. Dit aanplanten gebeurt in delen van Afrika, India en Midden-Amerika. De plant groeit goed op arme grond, wat het aanplanten in veel gebieden mogelijk maakt. <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;">Gebruik</h2> De plant werd in het verleden voor medicinale toepassingen gebruikt. De Nederlandse naam is afgeleid van purgeren, wat een synoniem is van laxeren. Vroeger werd van de plant een laxeermiddel gemaakt, maar door de hoge giftigheid wordt dat nu niet meer gedaan.[3] Olie van deze plant is giftig en is niet geschikt voor menselijke consumptie. De plant kan ook worden gebruikt om vis mee te vergiftigen. Het gif zit in de wortels, vooral verse kleine wortels werken goed. Het gif is dan ongevaarlijk voor de mens, dus vissen die hiermee gevangen worden, zijn eetbaar. Sinds enkele jaren worden de zaden van deze plant gebruikt voor de productie van jatrophaolie, een plantaardige olie. Jatrophaolie kan direct in een motor gebruikt worden of er kan door verestering biodiesel van gemaakt worden. In verschillende subtropische landen zijn programma's gestart om de teelt van Jatropha curcas te bevorderen. Voorbeelden hiervan zijn India, de Filipijnen, Indonesië, Ethiopië en Tanzania. De plant levert na ongeveer 9 maanden zijn eerste zaden. De struik groeit ook op arme en zeer droge grond en hoeft daarmee geen concurrent te zijn van voedselgewassen. Na persing van de purgeernoot blijft er een koek (cake) achter. Deze bevat nog veel olie, ongeveer 50-65%. Deze koek kan weer gebruikt worden als bemesting voor een purgeernootplantage. Het voordeel is dat er geen dure en vaak chemische meststoffen hoeven te worden gebruikt. Het grootste voordeel is dat de vaak dorre bodem, waar absoluut geen gewassen voor menselijke of dierlijke consumptie kunnen groeien, door deze bemesting na 6 tot 9 jaar weer vruchtbaar is. Dus hier geldt niet alleen de "food versus fuel"discussie, maar er wordt juist nieuw akkerbouwland gecreëerd. <h2 style="color: #000000; font-size: 1.5em;">Toekomstige vervanger voor kerosine</h2> "Olie van de purgeernoot blijkt technisch zelfs beter dan kerosine: hij levert meer energie en is beter bestand tegen kou", aldus Billy Glover van vliegtuigbouwer Boeing. In zijn visie zouden binnen drie à vijf jaar vliegtuigen olie van de purgeernoot kunnen tanken. De biobrandstof is al commercieel aantrekkelijk als de ruwe olie 70 à 80 dollar per vat kost. Inmiddels zijn er in de Verenigde Staten al meerdere testvluchten gedaan met Boeings op olie van de purgeernoot. Die bleken een succes.<script src="//cdn.public.n1ed.com/G3OMDFLT/widgets.js"></script>

T 92 (5 S)

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Granadina zaden (Jarilla...

€ 8,95 SKU: V 105

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