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Come coltivare le fragole dal seme 0 - 1

Come coltivare le fragole...

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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> </head> <body> <p>Strawberries are hardy perennials, but the plants become less robust after about three years. Start your strawberries from seed, and then propagate by cuttings and runners.  Follow along with this handy How to Grow Strawberries from Seeds guide  and grow some sweetness.!</p> <p><strong>Latin</strong></p> <p><em>Fragaria vesca</em><br />Family: Rosaceae</p> <p><strong>Difficulty</strong><br />Challenging</p> <p><strong>Season &amp; Zone</strong><br /><strong>Exposure:</strong><span> </span>Full sun<br /><strong>Zone:</strong><span> </span>5-9</p> <p><strong>Timing</strong><br />Sow indoors in the winter. An earlier start may result in berries the first year. Start any time between December and the beginning of February. After that time, they will still work, but you will not harvest berries during the first season. Transplant out at least 3 weeks after last frost.</p> <p><strong>Starting</strong><br />Germination is the trickiest aspect to growing strawberries. Be patient, and try the tricks below.</p> <p>Tuck your strawberry seed packet inside a sealed plastic bag or airtight container and place in your freezer for 3-4 weeks. When you remove the bag or container,<span> </span><em><strong>do not break the seal</strong></em><span> </span>until it (and its living contents) have reached room temperature. This may take several hours. Err on the side of caution. Opening the package too quickly may result in water condensing on the cold seeds, and this will reduce your chances of success.</p> <p>Once the sealed package has “thawed” to room temperature, you’re ready to plant. Sow the seeds on the surface of pre-moistened, sterilized seed starting mix in trays or small containers. Place these on a piece of felt or other thick cloth that has its end sitting in water. The idea is to wick up water from below so that the seedling medium stays constantly and evenly damp until germination.</p> <p>Keep your seeded trays under bright fluorescent lights at a constant temperature of 18-24°C (65-75°F). Germination may take anywhere from 7 days to 6 weeks. Be patient. Once germination occurs, increase ventilation around your plants to prevent damping off.</p> <p>Once your seedlings have their third true leaf, they can be transplanted into their own pots. Be sure to harden your seedlings off carefully and gradually before transplanting outside.</p> <p><strong>Growing</strong><br />Space transplants 60cm (24″) apart in rows 90-120cm (36-48″) apart. Everbearing varieties (such as ours) tend to produce fewer runners, and will produce more fruit if the runners are removed. In the first year of growth, it may be preferable to encourage runners, and let them fill in the spaces between transplants with new offspring plants.</p> <p>Grow strawberries in a well-drained, sandy loam that has been generously dug with organic matter such as finished compost or well-rotted manure. Dig ¼ cup complete organic fertilizer into the soil beneath each transplant. Keep soil moist, but not soggy. A mulch of straw around plants may help prevent the soil from drying out.</p> <p><strong>Companion Planting</strong><br />These little plants respond strongly to nearby plants. Couple them with beans, borage, garlic, lettuce, onions, peas, spinach, and thyme. Avoid Brassicas and fennel.</p> </body> </html>
Come coltivare le fragole dal seme 0 - 1

Scala Scoville 0 - 1

Scala Scoville

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<p>La<span> </span><b>scala di Scoville</b><span> </span>(o più brevemente<span> </span><b>scala Scoville</b>) è una scala di misura della piccantezza di un<span> </span>peperoncino. Questi frutti del genere<span> </span><i>Capsicum</i>contengono alcune sostanze, dette<span> </span>capsaicinoidi, di cui la più abbondante è la<span> </span>capsaicina, un composto chimico che stimola i recettori del caldo VR1 (recettori per i vanilloidi 1) situati anche sulla lingua e ciò provoca la sensazione di "bruciore".</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Definizione_della_scala">Definizione della scala</span></h2> <p>Il numero di unità di Scoville che indica l'appartenenza alla scala (SHU) (<i>Scoville Heat Units</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference">[1]</sup><span> </span>indica la quantità di capsaicina equivalente contenuta. Molte salse piccanti in uso sia in<span> </span>America del Nord<span> </span>che del<span> </span>Sudindicano la loro piccantezza in unità di Scoville.</p> <p>La scala di Scoville prende il nome dal suo ideatore,<span> </span>Wilbur Scoville<span> </span>che sviluppò il SOT (<i>Scoville Organoleptic Test</i>) nel<span> </span>1912<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference">[2]</sup>. Questo test originariamente prevedeva che una soluzione dell'estratto del peperoncino venisse diluita in<span> </span>acqua<span> </span>e<span> </span>zucchero<span> </span>finché il "bruciore" non fosse più percettibile a un insieme di assaggiatori (generalmente 5); il grado di diluizione, posto pari a 16.000.000 per la capsaicina pura, dava il valore di piccantezza in unità di Scoville. Il valore 16.000.000 per la capsaicina fu posto arbitrariamente da Scoville.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference">[3]</sup></p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/CircleOfHabaneros2.jpg/220px-CircleOfHabaneros2.jpg" width="220" height="330" class="thumbimage" /><div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"></div> Habanero<span> </span>(<i>Capsicum chinense</i>)</div> </div> </div> <p>Quindi un<span> </span>peperone<span> </span>dolce, che non contiene capsaicina, ha un valore zero sulla scala Scoville, a significare che l'estratto di peperone non è piccante anche se non diluito. Al contrario uno dei peperoncini più piccanti, l'Habanero, fa misurare un valore superiore a 300.000 sulla scala Scoville: posto 16.000.000 la capsaicina pura, significa che l'estratto di Habanero ha un contenuto di capsaicina equivalente di</p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y">{displaystyle {frac {300.000}{16.000.000}}times 100=1,875%}</span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b9523e92afb420416c597a9f8a0078fe34ddda42" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline" alt="{displaystyle {frac {300.000}{16.000.000}}times 100=1,875%}" /></span></dd> </dl><p>in peso.</p> <p>Il record, registrato nel<span> </span>Guinness dei primati<span> </span>nel dicembre del 2013<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference">[4]</sup>, appartiene al<span> </span>Carolina Reaper<span> </span>con 2.200.000 SHU.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference">[5]</sup><span> </span>Precedentemente apparteneva allo<span> </span>Scorpione di Trinidad<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference">[5]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference">[6]</sup>, e ancora prima al<span> </span>Naga Viper<span> </span>con 1.382.118 SHU<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference">[7]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference">[8]</sup>. Come sempre, va ricordato che essendo prodotti naturali e non industriali, non tutti i peperoncini hanno lo stesso valore: è semplicemente il massimo valore registrato e ufficialmente riconosciuto.</p> <p>Sedici unità di Scoville sono equivalenti a una<span> </span>parte di capsaicina per milione, ma il suo grande limite è che pur basandosi su una scala oggettiva, la rilevazione dipende dalla soggettività umana. Successivamente sono stati sviluppati altri tipi di test, molto più sofisticati, come il test<span> </span>HPLC<span> </span>(<i>High performance liquid chromatography</i>, noto anche come "Metodo Gillett"<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference">[9]</sup>) che misura direttamente la quantità di capsaicinoidi invece che affidarsi alla sensibilità dell'uomo.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference">[5]</sup><span> </span>La capsaicina pura è una sostanza tossica e la sua assunzione in grandi quantità può avere effetti letali.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference">[10]</sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Classifica_della_piccantezza_di_alcuni_peperoncini_sulla_scala_Scoville">Classifica della piccantezza di alcuni peperoncini sulla scala Scoville</span></h2> <p>I valori sulla scala Scoville possono variare sensibilmente per almeno tre ragioni:</p> <ul><li>Variano all'interno della stessa specie, anche di un fattore 10 o più, a seconda della semenza, del clima e del suolo.</li> <li>Le vere "Unità di Scoville" erano il risultato di un<span> </span>test organolettico,che dipende dalla sensibilità umana e varia anche di ± 50%.</li> <li>Il test<span> </span>HPLC<span> </span>non misura direttamente le unità di Scoville, ma le "unità di piccantezza ASTA". Queste sono poi convertite in unità Scoville, ma dato che la piccantezza assoluta dei capsaicinoidi ha un errore di circa il 20%, anche la conversione ne risente. L'HPLC stesso ha un errore di circa il 12%.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference">[11]</sup></li> </ul><table class="wikitable"><caption><b>Scala di Scoville<span> </span><i>(unità di misura in Scoville Heat Units - SHU)</i></b></caption> <tbody><tr><th>Gradazione Scoville</th> <th>Tipo di peperoncino / Sostanza</th> </tr><tr><td><span class="nowrap">16.000.000.000</span></td> <td>Resiniferatossina</td> </tr><tr><td><span class="nowrap">5.300.000.000</span></td> <td>Tinyatossina</td> </tr><tr><td><span class="nowrap">15.000.000 - 16.000.000</span></td> <td>Diidrocapsaicina,<span> </span>Capsaicina<span> </span>pura</td> </tr><tr><td>8.800.000 - 9.100.000</td> <td>Nordiidrocapsaicina</td> </tr><tr><td>6.000.000 - 8.600.000</td> <td>Omodiidrocapsaicina,<span> </span>Omocapsaicina</td> </tr><tr><td>2.500.000 - 5.300.000</td> <td>Spray al peperoncino<span> </span>in uso alla polizia</td> </tr><tr><td>3.180.000</td> <td>Pepper X</td> </tr><tr><td>2.483.584 - 2.723.058</td> <td>Dragon's Breath</td> </tr><tr><td>2.000.000 - 2.200.000</td> <td>Carolina Reaper</td> </tr><tr><td>1.067.286 - 2.000.231</td> <td>Trinidad Scorpion Moruga,<span> </span>Trinidad Scorpion Butch Taylor,<span> </span>Naga Viper,<span> </span>Infinity Chili, Komodo Dragon Chili,<span> </span>Spray al peperoncino<span> </span>di uso comune</td> </tr><tr><td>855.000 - 1.041.427</td> <td>Naga Morich,<span> </span>Naga Dorset, Seven Pod (o Seven Pots)</td> </tr><tr><td>876.000 - 970.000</td> <td>Bhut Jolokia<span> </span>(noto anche come Ghost Chili), Naga Jolokia (Ibrido)</td> </tr><tr><td>350.000 - 855.000</td> <td>Habanero Red Savina,<span> </span>Indian Tezpur</td> </tr><tr><td>100.000 - 350.000</td> <td>Habanero,<span> </span>Jamaican Hot, Murupi White,<span> </span>Bird's Eye<span> </span>(noto anche come "Piripiri", "Pilipili", "African Devil")</td> </tr><tr><td>50.000 - 100.000</td> <td>Scotch Bonnet,<span> </span>Santaka,<span> </span>Chiltecpin,<span> </span>Rocoto,<span> </span>Thai Pepper<span> </span>(noto anche come Thai Dragon)</td> </tr><tr><td>30.000 - 50.000</td> <td>Ají,<span> </span>Cayenne,<span> </span>Tabasco,<span> </span>Piquin</td> </tr><tr><td>15.000 - 30.000</td> <td>Chile de Arbol,<span> </span>Calabrese,<span> </span>Manzano</td> </tr><tr><td>5.000 - 15.000</td> <td>Peter Pepper, Serrano,<span> </span>Jalapeño</td> </tr><tr><td>2.500 - 5.000</td> <td>Mirasol,<span> </span>Chipotle,<span> </span>Poblano</td> </tr><tr><td>1.500 - 2.500</td> <td>Sandia,<span> </span>Cascabel,<span> </span>NuMex Big Jim,<span> </span>NuMex Suave</td> </tr><tr><td>1.000 - 1.500</td> <td>Ancho,<span> </span>Anaheim,<span> </span>Pasilla Bajio, Española</td> </tr><tr><td>100 - 1.000</td> <td>Mexican Bell, Cherry, New Mexico Pepper,<span> </span>Peperone, Paprica</td> </tr><tr><td>0 - 100</td> <td>Peperone dolce,<span> </span>Pimento<span> </span>(Pimenta dioica), Paprica dolce</td> </tr></tbody></table>
Scala Scoville 0 - 1

Plant seeds scarification  - 2

Plant seeds scarification

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<div id="mntl-sc-block_1-0"> <h2><span style="color:#000000;"><strong>Plant seeds scarification</strong></span></h2> <p><span style="color:#000000;">Scarification in botany involves weakening, opening, or otherwise altering the coat of a seed to encourage germination. The seeds of many plant species are often impervious to water and gasses, thus preventing or delaying germination.  Scarification is often done mechanically, thermally, and chemically. </span></p> <p><span style="color:#000000;">Seed scarification is scarring seeds. A seed's hard outer coat makes it impervious to gasses and moisture that would cause them to germinate. To overcome this you need to scratch, break or nick the seed coat. In nature, this naturally occurs when seeds pass through the digestive tract of some animals, through freezing temperatures or microbial activities that break down the seed coat. Seeds that need to be scarified before sowing are usually large or have thick seed coatings like seeds in the morning glory family, runner beans like purple hyacinth beans vine or canna seeds.</span></p> <p><span style="color:#000000;">The process of seed scarification can be accomplished by rubbing the seed on file or sandpaper. Be careful not to go too deep into the seed itself. Scratch the seeds just enough that you can see a difference is color of the seeds should be enough. Water is easily soaked up through the seed coat after you've done this.</span></p> <h2><span style="color:#000000;"><strong>Methods of Scarification of Seeds</strong></span></h2> <p><span style="color:#000000;">Seeds with hard coats may need to be scarified - the process where the seed coat is modified in some way so that moisture can enter and germination occurs.</span></p> <h2><span style="color:#000000;"><strong>There are several methods of scarification:</strong><strong></strong></span></h2> </div> <ol style="list-style-type:upper-alpha;"><li><span style="color:#000000;">Soaking the seeds in hot water</span></li> <li><span style="color:#000000;">Damage hard outer seeds coat with Pliers, knife, nail clipper...</span></li> <li><span style="color:#000000;">Using a file or sandpaper (one must be careful to not go too deep and damage the embryo inside)</span></li> <li><span style="color:#000000;">Acid (this can be quite dangerous and you must follow directions carefully!).</span></li> </ol><p><span style="color:#000000;">The type of scarification will depend on which seeds you are germinating.</span></p> <h2><span style="color:#000000;"><strong><span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text">Scarification Breaks Dormancy</span></strong></span></h2> <p><span style="color:#000000;">Physical dormancy is due to structural limitations to germination such as hard impervious seed coats. Under natural conditions weathering for a number of years weakens the seed coat. Certain seeds, such as the sweet pea, have a tough husk that can be artificially worn or weakened to render the seed coat permeable to gasses and water by scarification.  </span></p> <p><span style="color:#000000;">In some tree species, dormancy is the result of a thick, hard seed coat that may be broken by scarification. In nature, the seed coat may be broken by microbial action, passage of the seed through the digestive tract of a bird or other animal, exposure to alternate freezing and thawing, or fire.</span></p> <h2><span style="color:#000000;"><strong><span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text">Seed Stratification</span></strong></span></h2> <p><span style="color:#000000;">Seed stratification is sometimes better known as the cold stratification. The seed of many tree species will not germinate until they have been exposed to cool temperatures and moist conditions for several weeks or months. Gardeners can accomplish the same results indoors by a process called stratification. Tree seed can be stratified by placing the seed in a moist 50:50 mixture of sand and peat moss. Suitable containers include coffee cans, plastic jars, and cottage cheese containers. (Punch holes in the lid of the container to provide air.) Seed can also be stratified in plastic bags. Stratify the seed in the refrigerator.</span></p> <p><span style="color:#000000;">The seed of some trees, such as redbud, have hard impermeable seed coats and dormant embryos. They require both scarification and stratification for germination.</span></p> <p><span style="color:#000000;"><iframe width="640" height="385" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/icB9HrqdQqU?rel=0&amp;hd=1" frameborder="0" class="embed-responsive-item"> </iframe></span></p>
Plant seeds scarification  - 2

Diventa il nostro fornitore di semi Seeds Gallery - 1

Diventa il nostro fornitore...

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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> </head> <body> <h2><strong>Diventa il nostro fornitore di semi</strong></h2> <h2><strong>Cosa serve per diventare il nostro fornitore di sementi?</strong></h2> <p>Per diventare nostro fornitore, devi avere un video e le immagini dei frutti delle piante che ci offri, con i tuoi dati personali e una data sulla carta che saranno chiaramente visibili (con il tuo nome e indirizzo email che usi per PayPal ).</p> <p>Se si tratta di un vegetale (pomodoro, pepe, cetriolo ...) devi conoscere il nome esatto della varietà, perché se usi un altro nome e non riusciamo a trovare le informazioni su Internet, allora non siamo interessati a quelli semi.</p> <p>Dovrai inviarci una quantità minore di seme (20) in modo da poter eseguire i test di germinazione dei semi. Successivamente, possiamo organizzare un ulteriore acquisto del seme da voi.</p> <p>Non siamo interessati ai fornitori provenienti da Cina, Indonesia ...</p> <p>Effettuiamo pagamenti esclusivamente tramite PayPal (non esiste altra opzione di pagamento).</p> </body> </html>
Diventa il nostro fornitore di semi Seeds Gallery - 1